الفهرس 
Evaluation of Cutting Efficiency and Surface characteristics of XP Endo shaper and iRaCe NiTi Rotary Endodontic Instruments (A Comparative In Vitro Study)
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Abstract
The purpose of the present in vitro study was to compare the cutting efficiency of XP-Endo shaper Nickel Titanium rotary endodontic instruments with that of iRaCe Nickel Titanium rotary endodontic instruments after first, second and third use to prepare mesiobuccal canal of mandibular molar and to determine the surface characteristics by Scanning electron microscope (SEM) before use and after third use. Our study was designated to be a comparative in vitro study to ensure control of the variables and uniformity of the results. To simulate clinical situations and allow a realistic assessment of the instruments{u2019} performance, extracted mandibular molars with fully developed apices and canal curvature ranging between 25-35 degree were selected. Samples were divided into two groups n=24 according to the type of the file system used; group XPS and group iRace, then each group was subdivided into three subgroups (n=8) according to the number of uses of the rotary system; first, second and third use. All teeth were hemi-sectioned bucco-lingual at the furcation level with a diamond disc, mounted in high speed contra-angle under copious water coolant and distal root with its part of the crown were discarded then mesial half was used for the preparation. Samples were weighted using the four- digit gram high precision balance sensitive scale, then each sample in both groups were instrumented according to manufacture recommendations. After root canal preparation each sample was re-weighted and the weight loss of each sample was calculated