الفهرس 
Validity and reliability of smart phone application in measurement of range of motion among school children
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Abstract
Back ground: Smartphone applications have emerged recently to present numerous opportunities for improving health care. However, the validity and reliability of these technology applications still limited in pediatrics management. Objectives: To evaluate validity and intra-rater reliability of smart phone application in measuring range of motion among normal school children. Methods:One hundred and fifty typically developing school student aged from (12-16) year free from significant musculoskeletal pathology or pain. A within-session test-retest design was used to compare range of motion measurements taken using the Dr Goniometer application for iPhone to those taken by a digital goniometer. Torque-controlled active elbow and knee flexion and extension were collected and statistical analysis of validity and test-retest reliability was performed Results:The results showed significant positive correlation between digital goniometer and Dr Goniometer in knee and elbow flexion (r=0.88 and p=0.0001) (r=0.95 and p=0.0001) respectively and showed a non-significant negative correlation in knee and elbow extension (r=-0.02 and p=0.74) (r=-0.06 and p=0.42).The correlation results of the reliability showed significant positive correlation of Dr Goniometer between 1st and 2nd measurement in knee flexion and extension (r=0.82 and p=0.0001) (r=0.8 and p=0.0001) respectively and showed a significant positive correlation in elbow flexion and extension (r=0.91 and p=0.0001) (r=0.81 and p=0.0001). Conclusion:It was concluded that Dr Goniometer application had an excellent reliability in elbow and knee measurements and was valid in elbow and knee flexion. Even with loss of validity in elbow and knee extension Dr Goniometer may be implemented in a clinical setting similar to that where the study was conducted, enabling rehabilitation physicians and therapists to use a smartphone to take precise measurements of range of motion in daily clinical practice