الفهرس 
IntroductionOnly 14 pages are availabe for public view
 |  | from | 163 |  |  |
| | | from | 163 | | |
Abstract
1-INTRODUCTION
Rice is coming third according to harvested area worldwide surpassed only by wheat and maize, And also the second of production among cereal crops. Approximately all rice production is consumed as human food, a staple food for one-half of the world’s people.
Egypt is distinguished in rice cultivation as it ranks third among the world’s countries in terms of productivity per unit area, it also has been exchanging the first rank over time with other countries, but it always comes in an advanced rank (FAOSTAT, 2020).
Egypt was suffering from severe water scarcity in recent years, which has been exacerbated by the new conflict over water with the Nile River countries. Egyptian government prevented cultivating rice in 18 governorates circumventing the problem. In contrast to most strategic crops, the Egyptian government tends to reduce the cultivated area of rice to save water. Rice harvested area in Egypt decreased as shown in Figure (1) from 745092 ha. in 2008 to 554205 ha. in 2020 (FAOSTAT, 2020) to overcome the problem. So it is urgent to enhance rice productivity under low water input and water stress conditions. Drought is the several widespread and damagi