الفهرس 
IntroductionOnly 14 pages are availabe for public view
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Abstract
Excessive consumption of antibiotics has catastrophically created a selective pressure on bacteria exposing them to develop multiple resistance patterns and become more resistant variants. Topically applied antibiotics including erythromycin and fusidic acid are the most commonly used in the treatment of acne vulgaris. Resistance to these antibiotics has rapidly spread. In this study, we focused exclusively to produce diverse forms of sulfur nanoparticles with controlled particle size and morphology. With and without coating dispersed in water and DMSO. After that evaluate their antibacterial impact on clinical isolates of S.aureus and S.epidermidis recovered from acne vulgaris lesions compared to elemental sulfur (ES). Furthermore, molecular analysis to investigate the dissemination of some antibiotics resistant genes harbored by these isolates specifically ermB, fusB, fusC, and mecA genes.
Sulfur nanoparticles formulations (SNPs) were synthesized by liquid-phase precipitation of sodium thiosulfate using a low concentration of hydrochloric acid with/without the presence of PEG-300 as surfactant and chitosan. The nanoparticles exhibited significant antimicrobial activity against multi-drug resistant S.aureus and S.epidermidis recovered from acne vulgaris. Furthermore, the dissemination of the mecA gene was most common followed by the horizontally transferred fusidic acid-resistant determinant fusB that was dominant among S.epidermidis. Afterward, the horizontally transferred fusidic acid-resistant determinant fusC gene was dominant as well among the S.aureus isolates. Concerning the distribution of ermB gene, it was infrequent in this study suggesting other resistant determinants related to erythromycin resistance. Finally, we conclude that sulfur nanoparticles formulations can be an effective alternative to conventional antibiotics therapies.