الفهرس 
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Abstract
Summary
Premature ovarian failure (POF) is a primary ovarian defect characterized by absent menarche or premature depletion of ovarian follicles before the age of 40 years
POF is biochemically characterized by low levels of gonadal hormones and high levels of gonadotropins.
The etiology of this condition is complex, and its pathogenesis has not yet been fully elucidated, with a large proportion of cases remain idiopathic despite diagnostic advances. POF represents the end stage of several disorders that result in the loss of ovarian follicles. Known causes include iatrogenic agents, such as chemotherapy, radiation therapy, and surgery, autoimmune conditions, X-chromosome abnormalities, autosomal genetic conditions, and infection
POF occurs most commonly following chemotherapy, pelvic irradiation, or surgery for malignancy. Risk factors associated with ovarian failure include older age at treatment, exposure to abdominal, pelvic, or spinal radiotherapy, a diagnosis of Hodgkin’s lymphoma, and certain chemotherapeutic drugs, especially alkylating agents
POF is important sequelae of cytotoxic chemotherapy given for some malignant diseases in young women, the functions of oocytes and granulosa cells may be affected by chemotherapeutic agents
Stem cell transplantation has become a promising tool in rescuing damaged ovarian function
In the current study, rats have randomly divided into four equal groups 10 rats each, as follows: group I (control group): received no medications, only standard diet, group II (cyclophosphamide- treated group):rats received an intra-venous injection of a single dose of(cyclophosphamide (200 mg/kg injection for each cycle) and two weeks after the administration of the cyclophosphamide, they will be sacrificed, group III (cyclophosphamide +Stem cell treated group):This group included 10 rats in which the same regimen induced ovarian failure as in group II. After 1 week of chemotherapeutic treatment, the animals received 2 million units of PKH-labeled ADSCs/ animal I.V. through tail vein, single doseو and then they will be sacrificed 21 days after stem cells injection and group IV(recovery group); the recovery group chemotherapy-treated with cyclophosphamide for two cycles (200 mg/kg injection for each cycle) and after 21 days, they will be sacrificed. Then rats were sacrificed.
The Ovarian specimens were examined using Hematoxylin and Eosin, Masson’s trichrome, andimmunohistochemical (PCNA, BCL2) stain. Blood hormone levels (FSH, LH, and E2) were measured in all groups.
Examination of ovarian sections revealed normal architecture in group I. pathological changes usually accompanying cyclophosphamide in groups II and IV. Reversal of these changes with the restoration of normal architecture was detected in group III.
The results mentioned above reflect the potential of ADSCs to regenerate even not completely, but at least regaining the histology and physiology of the ovary in the form of improvement of histological, immunohistological, and chemical results (blood hormones levels).
So, the present study demonstrates the concept that ADSCs retain their potential to improve ovarian function after chemotherapy-induced ovarian injury. SoADSCs represent an alternative strategy for POF therapy and may be useful for future regenerative medicine and clinical applications.