الفهرس 
INTRODUCTIONOnly 14 pages are availabe for public view
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Abstract
Water is an essential resource for life and a key factor for socioeconomic development. The unbridled use of water is a global problem that has resulted in major environmental and social challenges. Consequently, the purification of wastewater via the elimination of toxic pollutants, such as xenobiotics, from wastewater represents an increasing concern in our society with regard to drinking water, wastewater and water reuse treatment systems (Klavarioti et al., 2009).A xenobiotic is a chemical substance found within an organism that is not naturally produced or expected to be present within the organism. It can also cover substances that are present in much higher concentrations than are usual. Natural compounds can also become xenobiotics if they are taken up by another organism, such as the uptake of natural human hormones by fish found downstream of sewage treatment plant outfalls, or the chemical defenses produced by some organisms as protection against predators (Klavarioti et al., 2009).