الفهرس 
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Abstract
The current trial investigated the effects of dietary turmeric supplementation with different levels with fresh oil or oxidized oil on the growth performance, immune response, blood serum parameters, carcass traits and intestinal morphology of Japanese quail.
Four hundred, 14-day old of Japanese quail chicks were used in this experiment. Birds were randomly allotted into eight groups (50 chick/group) and fed on the designed experimental diets for 4 weeks growing period. Quail chicks of groups 1, 2, 3 and 4 were fed on the experimental diet containing 2 % fresh vegetable oil (mixture of sunflower and soybean oil) supplemented with increasing levels of turmeric 0.0, 0.25, 0.5 and 0.75 % respectively. On the other hand, groups 5, 6, 7 and 8 had the same previously mentioned design but with replacing the fresh oil with oxidized oil.
The obtained results are summarized in the following:
• Replacement of the fresh oil with oxidized oil in quail diet showed non-significant difference (P> 0.05) in bird’s BW throughout the whole experiment. Increased turmeric levels with fresh oil or oxidized oil non-significantly increased final BW of quail (P> 0.05) compared with their control groups.
• Total gain was increased with increasing the turmeric level supplemented to either fresh oil or oxidized oil containing diets with the highest gain obtained with the highest levels of turmeric (0.5 and 0.75%).
• FI was increased with turmeric supplementation at levels (0.25 and 0.5%) to the fresh oil containing diet, while was reduced with the highest level of turmeric (0.75%) compared with the control fed the turmeric free diet. The same trend was observed in the oxidized oil containing diets.
• Total FI was increased in oxidized oil containing diets compared with their corresponding diets contain fresh oil.
• The average FCR showed no difference among the different groups however, it was non- significantly improved in birds fed either fresh or oxidized oil and supplemented with the 0.75 % turmeric (P˃ 0.05).
• Dietary turmeric supplementation to either the fresh oil or oxidized oil containing diets significantly improved the PER and EEU which was clear with the highest level of turmeric (0.75%) compared with the control birds fed on the turmeric free diets (P< 0.05).
• RBCs count, Hb, and PCV in quail birds showed no difference among groups, though, these indicators were increased (P˃ 0.05) with addition of turmeric to either fresh oil or oxidized oil containing diets.
• WBCs count was significantly reduced in the oxidized oil fed birds compared with those fed fresh oil containing diets (P< 0.05) fed the same levels of turmeric.
• Feeding on oxidized oil increased (P˃ 0.05) total protein, globulin serum concentrations, while reduced (P˃ 0.05) albumin and albumin-globulin ratio.
• Turmeric supplementation to the fresh oil or oxidized containing diets reduced serum albumin while increased serum globulin concentrations.
• Dietary inclusion of the oxidized oil instead of fresh oil non-significantly affected (P˃ 0.05) the serum lipid profile parameters (CHO, TG, LDL and VLDL), while significantly reduced the HDL concentration and increased the CHO/HDL ratio.
• Turmeric addition to fresh or oxidized oil containing diets non-significantly reduced total cholesterol, LDL and VLDL (P> 0.05).
• Serum TG, LDL and VLDL concentrations were higher in the oxidized oil fed groups than birds fed the same diets but with fresh oil.
• Turmeric addition to fresh or oxidized oil containing diets significantly reduced TG, while increased serum HDL concentrations.
• Non- significant difference in the GPT and ALP serum concentrations with replacement of the fresh oil with oxidized oil in quail diet.
• Serum GPT concentration was significantly reduced (P< 0.05) with dietary turmeric supplementation to the fresh oil or oxidized oil containing diet.
• Feeding on oxidized oil containing diet showed no changes in the serum MDA concentration (P˃ 0.05), however stimulated a non-significant reduction in the serum GPx enzyme activity.
• Feeding of the Japanese quail on oxidized oil non-significantly reduced PA and Ph I, while non-significantly increased the antibody titer against Newcastle disease virus (P˃ 0.05).
• Oxidized oil stimulated a significant decrease and increase in the lysosomal and bactericidal activity, respectively (P˂ 0.05).
• Turmeric inclusion was associated with higher antibody titer compared to their control group, with the highest titer was recorded with 0.5% turmeric.
• The dressing percent, head and proventriculus relative weights showed no difference among groups (P> 0.05) either fed the fresh or the oxidized oil containing diets and supplemented with turmeric.
• Turmeric supplementation to the fresh or oxidized oil containing diets reduced the fat relative weight, while increased the liver relative weight.
• Oxidized oil inclusion increased the villus height and mucosal thickness (P˂ 0.05), while non-significantly increased the villus crypt depth (P˃ 0.05).
• Turmeric supplementation (0.25 and 0.5%) to the fresh or oxidized oil containing diets significantly increased villus height, villus width and crypt depth (P˂ 0.05), while was reduced with the highest level of turmeric (0.75%) compared with control birds.
• Turmeric supplementation to the oxidized oil containing diet improved the appearance of hepatic parenchyma.