الفهرس 
IntroductionOnly 14 pages are availabe for public view
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Abstract
A novel coronavirus was first identified in late 2019 in Wuhan, China, and rapidly spread throughout the world, causing a pandemic. The virus was identified as severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), and the World Health Organization designated the disease as coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). The clinical spectrum of this disease varies from asymptomatic forms and mild upper respiratory tract disease, to severe cases of pneumonia with associated acute respiratory distress syndrome. Progressive respiratory failure is one of the primary causes of death. An epidemic of atypical pneumonia, known as Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS), spread to various countries during the first quarter of 2003, following an initial outbreak in China in the last quarter of 2002. The severity of the disease is such that the mortality rate is approximately 3 to 6% The aim of present work is to evaluate the role of protein S in patients with Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID 19). .Study area setting: The study was conducted in Clinical Pathology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Tanta University. SUMMARY 104 Study subjects: Patients with COVID -19 from CDCC (contagious disease control center), Tanta University in addition to healthy individuals with matched age and sex served as control group. Study design: Retrospective study. Sample size: Individuals enrolled in this study are divided to: • group I: 15 normal subjects with matched age and sex to patient group served as a control group • group II: 40 patients diagnosed with PCR as COVID -19 positive. Which include 25% of patients had severe disease, 55% had moderate severity, and 20% had mild disease. Inclusion criteria: Patients diagnosed as COVID-19 positive by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) for SARS-CoV-2 tested on nasopharyngeal swabs samples, irrespective of the presence or the absence of the symptoms and their severity. Exclusion criteria: • Patients with coagulopathy. • Patients treated with anticoagulants or antiplatelet therapy. • Patients with liver diseases. Provision to maintain privacy: Privacy of all data was guaranteed as follows: • Every patient had code number. Name and address were kept in special file. • Results of the study were used only for scientific purpose and were not used for any other purposes.