الفهرس 
INTRODUCTIONOnly 14 pages are availabe for public view
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Abstract
The historic buildings are a national treasure that must be protected from any noncompensable damage. Fire is one of the reasons for the destruction of these buildings. These buildings were constructed without fire-resistant materials or systems to protect them from fire. The Egyptian code does not include special requirements and standards to protect historical buildings from fire. Also, the fire protection code cannot be applied directly to the historical buildings because it changes their identity. Thus, this research aims at setting up, upgrading, and retrofitting the fire resistance criteria for historical buildings. So, throughout this research, two approaches are created to resist fire. The first is the legal approach which includes the requirements of the Egyptian and international fire safety codes, such as Vermont and National Fire Protection Association (NFPA), the International Council on Monuments and Sites (ICCMOS), and the World Heritage Committee (WHC) codes. A comparison between the national and international codes is held. The second one is the technical approach, which is a process of retrofitting historical buildings for fire resistance. The latter approach is implemented by evaluating and conducting a rapid visual inspection (RVS) of historic buildings and reviewing examples of treatments and techniques that occurred in historic buildings. These treatments mostly include corridors, exits, stairs, handrails, doors, building materials, smoke detectors, sprinklers, fire alarms, and fire extinguishers. The second section reviews the validity of the application of systems using fire dynamic simulation systems (FDS) and compares the inputs and outputs to ensure the correctness of the rehabilitation process. Thus, a developed approach and standards were concluded to raise the historic buildings’ fire resistance level without changing the identity of historical buildings and architectural features.