الفهرس 
INTRODUCTIONOnly 14 pages are availabe for public view
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Abstract
The supraclavicular brachial plexus block provides complete anaesthesia or analgesia of the upper extremity. For this reason, a supraclavicular brachial plexus block has been called “spinal of the arm”.
The widespread availability of portable ultrasound equipment allows us to make more reliable and safe block and to avoid and decrease complications e.g. pneumothorax, injuries to near structures as subclavian artery and brachial plexus itself with higher degree of reliability.
The single injection showed comparable success rate to the double injection technique in some previous studies. Also, multiple injections have been compared to a single injection and showed relatively similar success rate.
The aim of the present work was to single point injection versus double point injection technique of ultrasound guided supraclavicular brachial plexus block as regard success rate, total procedural time, onset and duration of motor and sensory block, and incidence of complications.
The present study was carried out in Alexandria University Hospitals on 80 adult patients of either sex, aged 20 to 50 years belonging to ASA class I or II and body mass index (BMI) ≤ 30 kg/m2 scheduled for elective forearm orthopedic and / or plastic surgeries in supine position and duration(1-3 hours) without tourniquet application.
Patients were randomly divided into two equal groups (forty patients each) using closed envelope method:
- group S: (single point injection technique).
- group D: (double point injection technique).
All patients underwent a thorough preoperative examination and were kept nil per oral 6 hours before surgery.On the day of surgery, written informed consent was obtained and the method of assessment of sensory (pin prick method) and motor (Modified Bromage Scale) blockade was explained to the patients.
After documenting the baseline vitals, an intravenous cannula was secured in the non operating hand and ringer lactate/normal saline was started. The patient was placed supine, and Patients were monitored continuously with multichannel monitor for ECG, NIBP and Spo2. Oxygen was administered via a facemask.