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Abstract The present study was carried out to compare the effect of pulp-capping materials on the fracture resistance of MOD resin composite restorations and whether the presence of cyclic loading affects the fracture resistance. Materials and methods: A total number of 60 caries-free human permanent premolars, the teeth with mesio-distal and bucco-lingual dimensions of (6.7 mm and 8.5 mm) respectively were included in this study. Specimens were randomly allocated into 3 main groups by the researcher according to the pulp-capping material used (P) 20 teeth each, first group (P₀): Premolars with MOD cavity preparation restored with nano-hybrid resin composite without pulp capping material, Second group (P₁): Premolars with MOD cavity preparation restored with nano-hybrid resin composite lined with light-cured, resin-modified calcium silicate material, Third group (P₂): Premolars with MOD cavity preparation restored with nano-hybrid resin composite with mineral trioxide aggregate, each main group will be subdivided into 2 subgroups according to application of cycling loading (L) (L₀) represent no cycling loading, (L₁) represent with cycling loading. Standardized MOD cavity preparation were prepared where the cavity preparation dimensions were {u00BD} of the intercuspal width and 2.00 mm deep pulpally, and the proximal boxes were prepared at a width of {u00BD} the total buccolingual dimensions, with an axial wall that was 2.0-mm wide and 1.5-mm deep. The prepared cavities were restored using either nanohybrid composite without lining, Theracal lining followed by nanohybrid composite or Mineral trioxide aggregate followed by nanohybrid composite using one etch and rinse system |