الفهرس 
A Pharmaceutical Study on certain Transdermal Delivery systems of an Antiemetic Drug
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Abstract
Ondansetron hydrochloride (OND) is commonly used for management of postoperative and chemotherapeutic-induced nausea and vomiting. It suffers from low bioavailability (60%) and rapid elimination (t {u215F}₂ ; 3-4 h). The current work aimed to develop OND-loaded bilosomes as a promising transdermal delivery system capable of surmount drug limitations and to use high frequency ultrasound sonophoresis (HFU) to enhance the transdermal delivery of OND-loaded bilosomal gel systems (BGS) for improvement of drug bioavailability and achievement of rapid onset of action. The variables influencing the development of OND-loaded bilosomes and niosomes (18 systems) via the thin film hydration technique were investigated, including; surfactant type (Span® 60 or Span® 80), surfactant: cholesterol molar ratio (7:0, 7:1 or 7:3) and sodium deoxycholate (SDC) concentration (0, 2.5 or 5%, w/v). The systems were characterized for particle size, polydispersity index, zeta potential, drug entrapment efficiency (EE%) and in-vitro permeation. Based on factorial analysis (3².2¹) and calculations of desirability values, 6 systems were further subjected to ex-vivo permeation through excised rat skin, differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), powder x-ray diffraction (PXRD) and transmission electron microscopy. Histopathological and in-vivo permeation studies in rats were conducted on the best achieved system (B6) in comparison to drug solution. Five OND-loaded BGS were prepared and characterized for pH, rheological behavior and ex-vivo transdermal permeation