الفهرس 
Validity and reliability of smartphone use in measuring joint position sense in patients with knee osteoarthritis
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Abstract
Background:Proprioception deficit is a risk factor for knee osteoarthritis (OA) progression.Thus, proper assessment and treatment of this deficit are important in the management of patients with OA. Recently, smartphone has been used in the assessment of musculoskeletal system.There are a few valid applications to measure proprioception of various joints, suggesting the promising use of smartphone as an alternative economic method to assess proprioception acuity in clinical settings. However, validation of proprioception assessment still needs further confirmation.Therefore, this study aimed at investigating the concurrent validity of using smartphone in assessing proprioception acuity in patients with knee OA. Methods:Thirty-two knees from 16 participants were assessed; 8 asymptomatic volunteers and 8 patients with bilateral OA. Proprioception acuity was measured in terms of passive joint position (JPS) simultaneously by the smartphone Goniometer pro application andthe Biodex System 3 Pro Isokinetic Dynamometer. Each participant had the angle of repositioning error measured during passive motion three times and the average was calculated and used for further statistical analyses