الفهرس 
Title : Construction and performance characteristics of carbon paste electrodes chemically modified with mixed ion-exchangers for electrochemical determination of tramadol hydrochloride
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Abstract
A simple and sensitive methods based on potentiometric titrations and cyclic voltammetry was developed for the determination of tramadol hydrochloride (TR-HCl) in pure solutions and in pharmaceutical preparations. The electrode used in this study was a chemically modified carbon paste electrode (CMCPE) based on mixed ion-exchangers tramadol-reineckate (TR-Rn) and tramadol-tetraphenylborate (TR-TPB). Effects of electrode composition, buffer solution (pH), potential scan rate and TR-HCl concentration on the voltammetric performance were investigated. The sensor showed high selectivity towards TR-HCl over many common drug excipients, thus the modified electrode was successfully and effectively applied for TR-HCl determination in complex mixtures without any sample pretreatment with satisfactory results and excellent percent recovery values