الفهرس 
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Abstract
Honeybee is most important tools for pollination and ecological needs. To increase the outcome of honeybee industry, many Beekeepers used illogical methods such as import other queens from different species which is the reason for difficult conservation and identification of honeybee Four morphological characteristics i.e., proboscis Length (PL), forewing Length (FWL), forewing width (FWW), and cubital index (CI) and phylogenetic of some honeybee populations were measured. A total of 9300 honeybee workers from 62 different apiaries in 9 different governorates were randomly collected.
The aims of study:
1- Identify the native honeybee workers based on four morphological characters collected from different governorates in Egypt.
2- Using the molecular markers i.e., SNPs markers to diagnose V. destructor specific high hygienic behavior of honeybees.
3- Using the COI to identify the tolerant honeybee sub-species.
The sampling of worker bees was collected from 4 geographical aspects (Upper, middle, and lower Egypt) in addition to out of valley in the northwestern Desert.
Thirty samples of honeybee workers were collected from each colony covering the 4 geographical area from 310 colonies during the summer seasons, from June to September 2019.
Honeybee workers were killed and kept in a deep freezer (-20). Then, dissected using a forceps to separate body parts: forewing length (FWL), forewing width (FWW), proboscis length (PL), and cubital index (CI). The Scan Photo technique was used for all the measurements
Thirty-one samples have been collected separately and the samples were collected randomly based on % CI of Apis mellifera lamarckii from different colonies.
The DNA extraction done for only thirty-one samples depending on CI percent of Apis mellifera lamarckii using CTAB method
To detect the amplification success among HHB and LHB colonies, two primers are SNP1 and SNP19 were used to detect HHB of honeybees from LHB line.
The results of the variance based on the 4 variables measured, from the 9 governorates showed that, the general mean of the morphological characters in the tested populations from different governorates were 8.85±0.21 mm, 3.11±0.11 mm, 5.66±0.34 mm and 2.54±0.53 in for forewing length (FWL), forewing width (FWW), proboscis length (PL) and cubital index (CI), respectively.
While the highest means for FWL was recorded for the colonies belonging to Dakahlia governorate (8.98±0.24 mm), whereas the lowest was (8.75±0.17mm) in Aswan governorate.
Regarding to El- Beheira and Aswan governorates detected the highest means (3.15±0.10 mm & 3.15±0.11 mm) for FWW, and the mean of CI was high in Aswan by 2.84±0.48.