الفهرس 
Dyes Classification
Synthesis and structural development of porous adsorbentOnly 14 pages are availabe for public view
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Abstract
The chicken feather as undesirable bio-waste material was recycled via a one-pot carbonization step to porous carbon designated as CF-C-700. Then, this CF-C-700 was modified by two ways. First was coating the surface with a thin layer of polypyrrole via the vapor phase polymerization method that denoted as CF-C-700-PPy. The second way the alkali activation of CF-C-700 by different ratio of KOH at high temperature (700 oC) to obtain an activated carbon that symbolized as 2KACF-700 and 4KACF-700. These smart porous carbons were renewable, scalable, and efficient porous adsorbents for the removal of alizarin red and methylene blue dyes from aqueous solution. This is because they have smart functionalized charged surface centers and superior porous structure compared to the unmodified porous carbon as in the case of (CF-C-700-PPy), and nano carbon with large surface area as in the case of 2KACF-700 and 4KACF-700. from the BET and XRD data of the different adsorbents, the developed CF-C-700-PPy has a specific surface area of 856 m2 g-1, total pore volume of 0.56 cm3 g-1, and particle size 4.27 nm. The 2KACF-700 has a surface area of 2106.4 m2 g-1, pore volume of 1.2167 cm3 g-1, and particle size 2.41 nm. The 4KACF-700 surface area is 3486.61m2g-1, the total pore volume is 2.19 cm3 g-1 and the particle size is 1.074 nm. These surface areas, total pore volumes, and total particle size of the different adsorbents are much high when compared with CF-C-700 which has surface area 208 m2g-1, total pore volume 0.23 cm3g-1, and particle size 4.5 nm. The increasing in surface area and the decrease in particle size of the smart porous and activated carbon adsorbents reflected the excellent removal efficiency for alizarin red and methylene blue (97 % for alizarin red and 98% for methylene blue) compared to 41 % for the unmodified carbon. The maximum uptake capacities were 157, 258.43, and 348.44 mgg-1 for CF-C-700-PPy, 2KACF-700, and 4KACF-700 comparing with the CF-C-700 which has uptake capacity 45 mgg-1. The adsorption process of dyes followed pseudo-second order kinetics. The intra-particle diffusion occurred in two regions in the case of CF-C-700-PPy and 2KACF-700 and in three regions in the case of 4KACF-700. from ΔGo, ΔHo, and ΔSo values the adsorption was spontaneous and endothermic. The R2, q max, and KL values indicated that the adsorption fitted well with the Langmuir model than the Freundlich. The reusability tests indicated a commercial value for all adsorbents which were reasonably stable adsorbents over10 adsorption/desorption cycles.