الفهرس 
Hepatocellular Carcinoma
Diagnosis of hepatocellular carcinomaOnly 14 pages are availabe for public view
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Abstract
Background: Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the sixth most common cancer and the third cause of cancer-related mortality world- wide. The incidence of HCC is on the increase, and it is a major threat to our modern life. Epidemiological studies have indicated that HCC are related to chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) and chronic hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection.
Aim of the Work: To evaluate the role of AFU as a diagnostic marker versus AFP in HCC post viral cirrhotic Egyptian patients.
Patients and Methods: This study had been carried out on 90 subjects, age range 21-75 year selected from Internal medicine and Hepatology outpatient clinics and inpatient wards at Ain shams university hospitals from January 2022 to June 2022.
Results: We found that serum levels of AFU were highest in patients of group A with HCC (129.867 ± 32.997 μl U/ml) compared to those with liver cirrhosis (33.433± 14.818 μl U/ml) with P value < 0.001 and the control groups (3.177 ± 1.199 μl U/ml) with P value < 0.001. Similarly alpha fetoprotein its serum levels were much higher in the HCC group (4688.223±11490.009 ng/ml) compared to the cirrhotic patients (4.407±3.107 ng/ml) with P value 0.02 Also, compared to healthy individuals (2.623±1.566 ng/ml) with p value 1.00. We found that there is No significant statistical correlation between serum AFP and AFU in our studied HCC and cirrhotic patients (R 0.332, P 0.073 for HCC and R 0.222, P 0.238 for cirrhotic). Regarding the negative correlation between serum AFU level and AFP level in order to predict the diagnostic value, sensitivity and specificity of both of them in term of tumor size, our study show that for AFU when the best cut off value was >52μl U/ml the sensitivity was 100% and specificity was 90% while for AFP when the best cut off value was > 10.5 ng/ml the sensitivity was 96.67% and specificity 96.67%. AFU is a promising serum tumor marker for HCC diagnosis and can be combined with AFP.
Conclusion: We concluded from this study that: Serum AFP was highly significant increase in HCC patients compared to cirrhotic and healthy controls, this is in agreement with many several reports that consider AFP in high serum levels as diagnostic for HCC combined with triphasic CT abdomen or dynamic MRI. Serum AFU levels were significantly higher in patients with HCC and mildly elevated in patients with liver cirrhosis compared to the control group. So it can be used as a tumor marker for HCC diagnosis. No correlation between AFU and laboratory data and child score. AFU was not influenced by clinical condition of the liver itself but with HCC. Around 40% of HCC patients have normal or low AFP level so AFU may be useful as a diagnostic marker in those patients. Serum AFP is the standard tumor marker used in clinical practice for diagnosis and surveillance of HCC in cirrhotic patients in spite of normal and low AFP HCC patients that may reach 40%. Sensitivity and specificity of AFU was nearly similar to sensitivity and specificity of AFP. Combined use of AFU with AFP or possibly other markers will improve the diagnostic field and can help in early detection of HCC in surveillance programms.