الفهرس 
مدخــــــل الدراســــــــةيوجد فقط 14 صفحة متاحة للعرض العام
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المستخلص
The human personality is the product of the interaction of patterns of ideas, emotions, traits, motives, habits, inclinations, opinions, beliefs, aptitudes and abilities, which come together to form the personality of the individual and that make him a person different from others. These patterns are unacceptable, his personality becomes abnormal, or what is called personality disorders, to show us a wide range of human patterns that we see perhaps daily, and it is difficult for us to find an explanation for some of their behavior.
Personality disorders are one of the comprehensive mental disorders, as they have a negative impact on the individual’s personal and social life, and the severity levels of personality disorder range between easy and severe disorder, and individuals with personality disorders show many psychological characteristics that include a marked disorder in the self-image, and the ability to establish Relationships between personality, the appropriateness of emotions for different situations, and the way in which the individual realizes himself and others, and they are characterized by weak ability to control impulses (Eman Fawzi Chahine, 2015: 129).
Narcissistic Personality Disorder is a type of personality disorder that is called a dramatic or emotional group. This pattern is characterized by a feeling of greatness and the need for admiration and lack of empathy for others, and the narcissistic personality is characterized by arrogance, arrogance, boasting, satisfactory and unrealistic sense of self-importance, as well as the inability to perceive the views of others and the inability to accept criticism.
Individuals with narcissistic personality disorder - as a result of a sense of grandiosity - face difficulty in accepting any dependent or conditional relationship. Emotional isolation and avoiding relationships that include closeness and warmth. They also show sharp and varied mood swings. They may feel inferior and failed at times. On the contrary, they have an exaggerated sense of superiority, which appears through their behaviors that are contempt for others (Kernberg & Yeomans, 2013,14-15).
Individuals with narcissistic personality disorder lack empathy, tolerance, and appreciation in their relationships with others, as these relationships are a means to satisfy their goals - the desire for appreciation and admiration by others -, which exposes them to difficulty in dealing with others) Zeigler-Hill et al., 2020, 474).
Dysregulation of emotions and mood swings is also a hallmark of narcissistic personality disorder. Narcissists are unable to monitor, understand, and modify their emotional experiences by changing the way they think about events or changing situations that trigger those feelings( Cheshure et al., 2020, 1-2).
For individuals with narcissistic personality disorder, anger and aggression are tools that help regulate self-esteem and interpersonal functioning when perceiving threats, guard against uncomfortable fluctuations in self-esteem when questioned or challenged, and assert dominance to prevent feelings of inferiority )Russell et al., 2022, 246).
This confirms the need for people with narcissistic personality disorder to seek treatment because they are at risk of transforming their unsuccessful attempts to secure their feelings of admiration and distinction over others into withdrawal and a desire for self-destruction. It manifests itself in an inability to accept failures and feelings of entitlement.
Problem of the study:
Narcissistic personality disorder is the fourth disorder in the prevalence of personality disorder, and it is spread especially among university students at a higher rate than it at any other stage, because students who develop symptoms during their university studies want because they are to be established at certain axes such as being the center of attention and being People with a special position and because they bear this age of idealism and eternity ) Ansam Bazazo, 2011: 16).
The study of Winsper et al., (2020) through an analysis of 46 studies in 21 countries regarding the prevalence of personality disorders, found that the global prevalence rate is 7.8%, and that the prevalence of narcissistic personality disorder is 3.7% in high-income countries, and 1.5% in low-income countries. Narcissistic personality disorder according to APA (2022, 762) reaches 6.2% in community samples.
Many studies have been interested in (Cheshure et al., 2020; Fjermestad-Noll et al., 2020; Miller et al., 2020; Ronningstam, 2017; Reardon et al., 2019; Ronningstam et al., 2018; Velotti et al., 2018). al., 2020; Xu et al., 2020), with the relationship between narcissistic personality disorder and its associated maladaptive manifestations such as abnormal self-esteem, depression, anxiety, aggression, suicidality, impulse dysregulation, and neurotic perfectionism.
Although narcissistic personality disorder has received great attention in Arab and foreign studies that have been concerned with diagnosis or the relationship between it and other variables, limited Arab studies have been concerned with reducing narcissistic personality disorder, such as the study of (Ali Thabet Ibrahim, 2018; Mahmoud Saber Ahmed, 2018); (Dimaggio et al., 2014; Greenberg, 2005; Haeyen et al., 2015; Kramer et al., 2018; Popolo et al., 2019), and these studies have employed different methods of treatment to reduce narcissistic personality disorder such as metacognitive therapy, Art therapy, client-centered therapy, Gestalt therapy, schema therapy, and rational-emotive-behavioral therapy.
Hence, it shows the importance of choosing a therapeutic approach commensurate with the nature of the disorder. Many studies have confirmed the effectiveness of dialectical behavioral therapy in developing some positive aspects such as psychological and academic well-being, self-efficacy, emotion regulation, psychological resilience, and reducing some disorders and problems such as depression, anxiety, and stress. psychological disorders, suicidal behavior, binge eating disorder, changing youth attitudes towards migration, exam anxiety, obsessive-compulsive disorder, impulsivity and aggression, and alexithymia.
This confirms the flexibility and effectiveness of the dialectical behavioral therapy, and this prompted the researcher to choose the dialectical behavioral therapy to reduce the severity of narcissistic personality disorder and develop empathy among a sample of students of the College of Education. In light of this, the problem of the current study is identified in the following main question:
What is the effectiveness of dialectical behavioral therapy in reducing the severity of narcissistic personality disorder and developing empathy for a sample of students from the Faculty of Education?
This question stems from several sub-questions:
1. To what extent are there differences between the performance of the experimental group and the control group on the narcissistic personality disorder scale after the experimental group was exposed to the program?
2. To what extent are there differences between the performance of the experimental group before and after the program on the narcissistic personality disorder scale?
3. To what extent is the effect of the program continuing on the performance of the experimental group on the scale of narcissistic personality disorder after the follow-up period has passed?
4. To what extent are there differences between the performance of the experimental group and the control group on the empathy scale after the experimental group was exposed to the program?
5. To what extent are there differences between the performance of the experimental group before and after the program on the empathy scale?
6. To what extent is the impact of the program on the performance of the experimental group on the empathy scale after the follow-up period?
study Objective :
The current study aims to reduce the narcissistic personality disorder and developing Empathy in a sample of Students of the College of Education through a program based on dialectical behavior therapy.
Importance of study:
The researcher hopes that this study will be considered a scientific attempt to be added to previous attempts in the field of interventional research to reduce narcissistic personality disorder and develop empathy among individuals with narcissistic personality disorder, especially with the scarcity of Arab studies in this field. The importance of the current study is divided into:
- First theoretical importance:
1. Theoretical rooting of behavioral dialectical therapy and its skills as one of the modern therapeutic approaches.
2.Theoretical rooting of narcissistic personality disorder.
3.Theoretical rooting of Empathy.
- Secondly, the applied importance:
1. Preparing and designing a diagnostic scale for narcissistic personality disorder among university students (College of Education).
2. The current study may help in the efforts it provides in the field of treating narcissistic personality disorder, psychologists, clinicians, and those interested in the field in terms of building counseling and treatment programs to deal with people with narcissistic personality disorder.
3. This study may interest researchers to use other therapeutic approaches to deal with this disorder.
Study procedures:
1. Study methodology:
The current study used the semi-experimental approach to verify the effectiveness of dialectical behavioral therapy in reducing narcissistic personality disorder and developing empathy among a sample of students in the College of Education, as it is the appropriate approach to the nature and objective of the study variables.
2.Study sample:
The study tools were applied to a survey sample consisting of (563) male and female students, and (20) male and female students were selected from those who obtained the highest quartile on the narcissistic personality disorder scale and the lowest quartile on the empathy scale, and they were divided into two equal groups (10) individuals as an experimental group. And (10) individuals as a control group, and the program was applied to the experimental group.
3. Study tools:
- Scale of narcissistic personality disorder (prepared by the researcher).
- Emotional empathy scale (prepared by the researcher).
- Dialectical Behavioral Therapy Program (prepared by the researcher).
4. Statistical methods:
- The Mann-Whitney test.
- Wilcoxon test.
.Hypothesis of the study :
1.There are statistically significant differences between the mean scores of the members of the experimental and control groups in the dimensional measurement on the dimensions and the total score on the scale of the narcissistic personality disorder in the direction of the experimental group.
2.There are statistically significant differences between the mean scores for the members of the experimental group in the pre and post measurements on the dimensions and the total score for the narcissistic personality disorder scale in the direction of the post measurement.
3. There are no statistically significant differences between the mean scores of the members of the experimental group in the two dimensional and consecutive measurements on the dimensions and the total score of the narcissistic personality disorder scale.
4. There are statistically significant differences between the mean scores of the members of the experimental and control groups in the dimensional measurement on the dimensions and the total score on the scale of Empathy in the direction of the experimental group.
5. There are statistically significant differences between the mean scores for the members of the experimental group in the pre and post measurements on the dimensions and the total score for Empathy scale in the direction of the post measurement.
6. There are no statistically significant differences between the mean scores of the members of the experimental group in the two dimensional and consecutive measurements on the dimensions and the total score of Empathy scale.
Results of the Study:
The results of the study revealed the effectiveness of dialectical behavioral therapy in reducing the severity of narcissistic personality disorder and developing empathy among a sample of students from the Faculty of Education.