الفهرس 
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Abstract
This study was intended to evaluate the genetic diversity among the available Ficus carica cultivars grown in Egypt. Also, to highlight the need for a national framework to safeguard the habitats that are most suitable for fig cultivation and the conservation of such valuable resource. To achieve this goal a wide array of characters: morphological, molecular, phytochemical, and antibacterial and cytotoxicity was investigated. A total of 49 specimens representing 9 different cultivars of F. carica were collected from 22 localities in Egypt during two fruiting seasons: 2015-2016 and 2016-2017. A sum of 45 leaf and fruit morphological characters of the collected fig specimens were subjected to numerical analysis. The resulted dendrogram separated all the investigated specimens into 15 hypothetical groups. RAPD technique using 5 primers produced 290 polymorphic bands. Phytochemical screening for the leaf n-hexane extract for the 15 fig groups nominated 35 different phytocompounds. Of these compounds, fifteen were selected based on their concentration percentage (≥2.56%). The aqueous leaf extract of the investigated fig groups showed antibacterial effect against B. thuringiensis, Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Cytotoxicity investigation, using ethanolic leaf extract of the 15 fig groups against 5 human tumor cell lines revealed high cytotoxic effect against breast, liver and prostate cancer cell lines. Moreover, extract of Adsi Ahmar cultivar acquired higher cytotoxic effect against liver cancer cell line (IC50:4.7 μg/ml) than that of doxorubicin, the authorized chemotherapeutic drug, is (IC50:4.58 μg/ml). Nevertheless, doxorubicin exerts cytotoxic effect (IC50: 20 μg/ml) against normal human cells (VERO) while Adsi Ahmar did not cause any harm to the normal human cells. The results also showed that many fig cultivars e.g. Adsi Ahmar, Adsi Abyad, Abyad Aswani and Aboudi, although acquired delicious fruit and medicinal value, are unknown to local market compared to Sultani cultivar. These cultivars are represented by limited numbers of trees located in few orchards. This is likely to diminish the gene pool of fig cultivars in Egypt and may even drive them to extinction. For the sake of the identification and discrimination of the studied cultivars, collected data from phytochemical, molecular, antibacterial and cytotoxic investigations were gathered (482 characters) and subjected to cluster analysis technique.