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Abstract Stroke is one of the leading causes of death in the world and carotid artery stenosis is a major cause of ischemic strokes. Carotid artery stenosis can result in wide-ranging stroke syndromes or transient ischemic attack (TIA) symptoms. Conventional angiography has been considered the standard method for evaluating carotid stenosis. However, the introduction and development of ultrasound Doppler, CT angiography (CTA), and MRI angiography (MRA) have been replacing angiography for diagnostic purposes, essentially reserving it for endovascular treatment. |