الفهرس 
Chapter 1Only 14 pages are availabe for public view
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Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a common type of primary liver cancer that arises from the hepatocytes in the liver. HCC has a high mortality rate representing 75-90% of all primary liver cancers, which makes HCC to be the third leading cause of cancer mortality worldwide (Altekruse, McGlynn, & Reichman, 2009; El–Serag & Rudolph, 2007; Lafaro, Demirjian, & Pawlik, 2015)&(Petrick et al., 2020). The rank of Egypt for HCC is the third and 15th most populous country in Africa and worldwide, respectively (Rashed, Kandeil, Mahmoud, & Ezzat, 2020). However, most current therapies are of limited efficacy and are associated with systemic toxicity and chemoresistance. The prognosis of HCC is poor in all regions of the world (Golabi et al., 2017), resulting in roughly equivalent incidence and mortality rates. In 2018, the estimated global incidence rate of liver cancer per 100,000 person-years was 9.3, while the corresponding mortality rate was 8.5 (Bray et al., 2018).