الفهرس 
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Abstract
The present prospective randomized clinical study was conducted in Department of Orthodontics, Ain Shams University to evaluate the effect of using coil spring and miniscrew anchorage system during maxillary molars distalization. Accordingly, it was carried out to evaluate the dental sagittal, vertical, and transverse changes. Furthermore, the skeletal and soft tissue changes associated with distalization were assessed via CBCT.
A sample of 24 first permanent maxillary molars was recruited from the outpatient clinic of the Orthodontic Department at the Faculty of Dentistry Ain Shams University. All patients were adult with age ranged from 18 to 25 years, who required maxillary molar distalization as part of their orthodontic treatment plan and exhibited a full permanent dentition with both first and second maxillary molars were in occlusion. The sample was equally and randomly divided into two groups. In the first group, a single open coil spring was used while in the second group, a double open coil springs were used.
Banding of maxillary permanent first and second molars and bonding of maxillary first and second premolars were done followed by leveling and alignment till reaching heavy st st arch wire. Then, miniscrew and NiTi open coil spring were placed. Miniscrew was inserted buccally between the maxillary second premolar and the maxillary permanent first molar to provide indirect anchorage. In the first group, single coil spring was placed between the maxillary second premolar and the maxillary first permanent molar, while in the second group, additional coil spring was placed between the maxillary permanent first and second molars. The force of each coil spring was measured using a caliper and strain gauge. All subjects were called every 4 weeks for follow up and distalization force reactivation.
The three-dimensional changes accompanying the maxillary first molar distalization were evaluated by analyzing pre and post-distalization CBCT.
Different skeletal, dentoalveolar as well as soft tissue measurements were carried out to evaluate the effects in both groups. These measurements were statistically analyzed, and the results of the study were obtained.