الفهرس 
Introduction and rationaleOnly 14 pages are availabe for public view
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Abstract
The WHO defines obesity as “abnormal or excessive fat accumulation that presents a risk to health”. According to the WHO, the total prevalence of obesity among adults is 13.1 in 2016. The prevalence is remarkably changing when being segregated into males and females; it is 11.1 in males and 15.1 in females (WHO, 2016).
According to “100 million health” survey, which was conducted in Egypt in 2019 and screened 49.7 million adult Egyptians (≥18 years old), 39.8% of adult Egyptians suffered from obesity (BMI ≥ 30 kg/m2). Obesity was more prevalent in adult females than adult males (49.5% of Egyptian adult females suffered obesity compared to 29.5% for males)(Aboulghate et al., 2021)
The excessive storage that creates obesity eventually leads to the release of excessive fatty acids from enhanced lipolysis, which is stimulated by the enhanced sympathetic state existing in obesity. Lipids and their metabolites create oxidant stress to the endoplasmic reticulum and mitochondria (Meex et al., 2019).
In 1998 the American Society of Cardiology classified obesity as an important independent factor of coronary heart disease. It is widely accepted that obesity exposes the individual to many cardiovascular risk factors. (Müller and Geisler, 2017).
There are also data showing a strong correlation between obesity and endocrine disorders such as ovarian dysfunction, hormone-related cancers etc., which are directly related to fat distribution.(Delzenne et al., 2020).