الفهرس 
Correlation between systemic lupus erythematosus disease activity and ocular signs in ophthalmologically asymptomatic patients
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Abstract
Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a chronic autoimmune inflammatory disease involving different organs and systems. Due to its heterogeneity, SLE is widely recognized as the prototype of systemic autoimmune disease. Ocular manifestations of lupus are fairly common, may be the presenting feature of the disease and can be sight-threatening. Almost any part of the eye and visual pathway can be affected by inflammatory or thrombotic processes Hydrochaine as an antimalarial drug is used for various autoimmune diseases as SLE and RA. The most concerning side effect is retinal toxicity and thus, it is vital for ophthalmologists to know the incidence, risk factors, drug toxicity and protocol screening of the patients who take this. Fifty two SLE cases ,middle aged and ophthalmologically asymptomatic, females and males patients, from SLE clinic of internal medicine department at Kasr Elainy hospital at Egypt. All patients were subjected to complete history taking ,detailed physical examination,clinical disease activity was assessed using SLEDAI Score. We concluded that lupus retinopathy is associated with disease activity ,could correlate and predict severe systemic association, make management earlier and more aggressive. The retinal signs often parallel the severity of systemic inflammation, and may indicate inadequate control of the systemic disease