الفهرس 
Three-dimensional finite element analysis of diaphragm wall construction stages in sand
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Abstract
The aim of this study is to investigate the effect of construction of diaphragm walland the effect of excavation in front of wall panels on the horizontal stresses, vertical soil movements, and horizontal soil movements of surrounding soil. Three dimensional finite element analysis have been performed for diaphragm wall consist of three adjacent panel constructed in sandy soil. Finite element program, Plaxis 3D/2D, has been utilized for the analysis.The diaphragm wall construction process is simulatedusing WIM and WIP methods.Every panel is supported by bentonite slurry during excavating which are followed by concreting then hardening. Several parameters have been studied: Diaphragm wall dimensions which is panel length and panel width; soil relative density; ground water table existence; and surcharge load behind the wall