الفهرس 
Evaluation of yolk sac diameter, gestational sac diameter and embryonic heart rate as prognostic factors of first trimestric outcome
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Abstract
Background: Ultrasonography is a useful method for determining the status of early pregnancy. First trimester sonography is useful for dating, assessing a number of gestation, establishing location, and even detecting some early Malformation. In addition to documenting normal development, ultrasonography has high sensitivity for showing abnormalities of the gestational sac, yolk sac, and embryo that predict poor outcome. The purpose of the present study was to examine whether yolk sac diameter and early embryonic heart rate could serve as prognostic factors in evaluating pregnancy outcome. Methods: This prospective cross sectional study that carried out on 200 patients in the El kasr Al Aini university hospital ,out patient clinic and obstetrics and gynecology department in un complicated singleton pregnancy from (18-34) years old during period from October 2016 to July 2017. Detailed history was taken to rule out medical and surgical complication which can affect our study. General and physical examination was done. For each sonographic parameter, nomograms were created; were calculated for each measurement, and the values were compared between miscarriage and ongoing pregnancy groups. Results: Abortion rate in relation to the total number of the study was 6%.Mean value of yolk sac among miscarriage group was smaller than ongoing pregnancy groups. Mean value of gestational sac among miscarriage group was smaller than ongoing pregnancy groups. Mean value of embryonic heart rate among miscarriage group was smaller than ongoing pregnancy groups. This smaller values of yolk sac, gestational sac and embryonic heart rate are predictors for miscarriage. Conclusion: Smaller values of yolk sac, gestational sac and embryonic heart rate are prognostic factors for miscarriage