الفهرس 
Effect of propolis and calcium hydroxide intracanal medicament on the bond strength and sealing ability of resin based sealer and calcium silicate based sealer :In vitro study
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Abstract
This study was conducted as an in-vitro study for the assessment and comparison of the effect of propolis and calcium hydroxide as an intracanal medications on the bond strength and sealing ability of both resin based and calcium silicate based sealers in human extracted single rooted teeth. Fifty-six extracted human single rooted teeth with straight roots and well-developed apical foramen were included in this study. The teeth were de-coronated and the length was standardized at 14mm. Protaper universal system was used to prepare the roots till size F5 as a master apical file. The roots were divided randomly into two equal groups according to the intracanal medication used: Propolis paste.Calcium hydroxide paste.The intracanal medication was introduced in the canal using lentulo spiral and left inside the canal for 14 days at 37{u00BA}C and 100% humidity. After 14 days, the medications were removed from the canals were removed using k-file #40 and 3ml of 2.5% of NaOCl solution. Each group was divided randomly into two equal subgroups according to the sealer used:AH Plus sealer (resin based sealer).iRoot SP sealer (calcium silicate based sealer).The canals were obturated using single cone technique using F5 gutta-percha cones and stored for one week at 37{u00BA}C and 100% humidity. Results revealed that concerning the bond strength test, when propolis was used with the resin based sealer it showed a statistical significant difference in both the middle and the apical portions. Also, propolis when used with the calcium silicate based sealer showed a statistical significant difference in the middle portion. On the other hand, calcium hydroxide used with the calcium silicate based sealer showed statistical significant difference in both the coronal and apical portions. Concerning the micro-leakage test, propolis when used with the resin based sealer the results showed statistical significant difference as compared to calcium hydroxide. On the other hand, propolis and calcium hydroxide the results showed no statistically significant difference when the calcium silicate based sealer used