الفهرس 
Evaluation of systolic and diastolic functions among Egyptian children with down syndrome :An echocardiographic study
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Abstract
Introduction: The incidence of congenital heart disease (CHD) increases from 0.8% in general population to approximately 40%-65% in patients with Down syndrome (DS). However, DS patients with structurally normal heart may have an impaired cardiac function. Objective To evaluate systolic and diastolic functions in children with Down Syndrome who did not have structural cardiac lesion by conventional and tissue Doppler echocardiography. Materials and methods Abstract A total of 80 children with Down syndrome without anatomic heart disease and 80 normal control children were subjected to the assessment of right and left ventricular functions by both two-dimensional and tissue Doppler echocardiography. Results Children with Down syndrome had significantly higher left ventricular ejection fraction and fraction shortening detected by two-dimensional echocardiography and left ventricular diastolic dysfunction detected by tissue Doppler than observed in the controls. In addition, children with Down syndrome also had right ventricular systolic and diastolic dysfunctions. Children with Down syndrome had significantly higher pulmonary artery systolic pressure than the control children and statistically significant higher heart and respiratory rates, with lower blood pressure, compared to normal controls