الفهرس 
Mitral regurgitation incidence, Sequelae and lines of managementOnly 14 pages are availabe for public view
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Abstract
itral regurgitation is the most common heart valve abnormality
encountered in clinical practice. (1) Epidemiology studies showed that
MR regardless its grade is significantly associated with cardiac
remodeling/dysfunction and excess mortality and is independently
associated with an increased risk of both all-cause and cardiovascular
mortality. (2)
These results emphasize the importance of early detection and accurate
quantification of mitral regurgitation that might affect the plan of
management. In light of the current recommendations of the American
Society of Echocardiography underscore the use of quantitative
methods to grade mitral regurgitation, including the Rvol as a marker
of volume overload and the EROA as a descriptor of lesion severity. (4)
Transthoracic echocardiography (TTE) is the most commonly cardiac
imaging tool used in the clinical practice, making it the first-line
imaging modalities in the evaluation of cardiac disease involving
valvular heart disease owing to its low cost, portability, widespread
availability, lack of ionizing radiation, and ability to evaluate both
anatomy and function of the heart. (5) However Quantitative evaluation
of mitral regurgitation remains challenging and Transthoracic Echo
cardiography has numerous limitations including difficult window,
obese patients, poor images quality, the presence of complex, ellipsoid
regurgitant orifices, the presence of eccentric regurgitant jets, multiple
jets all these situations limits the accuracy of 2D echocardiographic
commonly used methods to accurately quantify mitral regurgitation. (4)
Cardiovascular magnetic resonance (CMR) is 3D volumetric technique
which has become a valuable investigative tool in many areas of
cardiac medicine. It can better quantify the severity of the regurgitation
as well as its effect on on LV size and function which may result in
more accurate quantitative evaluation of mitral regurgitation and
consequently in an improved risk stratification of patients with mitral
regurgitation. (6)
Having multiple volumetric methods of quantifying the regurgitant
volume often further increases diagnostic confidence in MRI results
Introduction
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furthermore, because cardiac MRI does not relay on direct assessment
of the regurgitant jet quantifying eccentric, multiple jets is not
problematic as it can be with echocardiography finally MRI is
completely safe technique not using ionizing radiation. (6)