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Abstract Nurses working in urology and nephrology center are exposed to stress resulting from the condition of patients, requiring them to make quick care decisions in a complex work environment and may increase the work stress. The consequences of work stress among nurses include increased susceptibility to decreased satisfaction with life and work, and occupational burnout, which result in a reduction in the quality of care provided. Considering the constant exposure to stress at work, a necessary skill for nurses should be developing a strategy for coping with stressful situations (Harwood, et al, 2021). So, it‘s very important predictor safeguarding nurses from the negative psychological consequences of professional work is emotional intelligence (EI), which means, among other things, acting to reduce stress and using adaptive patterns to cope with stress, thus improving well-being and increasing the ability to communicate effectively with patients (Bibi, 2016). Emotional intelligence defined as the ability to understand and express emotions constructively, it is the ability to understand other feelings and establish cooperative interpersonal relationships, the ability to manage and regulate Summary 110 emotions in an effective manner, the ability to cope realistically with new situations and ability to be sufficiently optimistic, positive and self-motivated in order to set and achieve goals (Abd El-Mageed, Adam, Hassan, Abd Elghafar, 2019). Emotional intelligence (EI) is essential for nurses that enables them to use their positive emotions to influence others and facilitate the organization’s vision through job performance. A climate of emotionally intelligent for nurses should facilitate a strong error orientation climate, resolve work stress issues, creativity, motivation, and, in turn, care performance in hospitals (Oppel, Mohr, &Benzer, 2019). Emotional intelligence is a type of social intelligence that is a predictor in special areas such the ability to assure feelings and pleasures by one and others. The emotional intelligence makes individuals able to forecast the attainment because it involves how individuals apply knowledge in direct success. Higher emotional intelligence leads to the use positive and adaptive coping. (Bibi, 2016). Coping refers to thoughts and behaviors individuals use to manage stressful situations. If a situation is perceived to be stressful, the nurse re-appraises the situation to determine a Summary 111 coping strategy, address it and seeking alternative means to decrease stress. Adaptive coping is very important for the nurses dealing with occupational stress and is associated with positive feelings of self-fulfillment and well-being. (Ebstein, 2019). Hence, nurses are required not only to have an appropriate level of theoretical knowledge and possess practical skills, but also to be able to communicate with patients and their families, cooperate in a team, and manage their emotions, they need to increase their levels of emotional lnetllletni. In nursing, a high level of EI facilitates relationships between nurses and patients, influences care menta their stress level and job satisfaction, and promotes well-being. Several studies have shown that high EI negatively correlates with emotional exhaustion and reduces the risk of burnout. It also has a positive effect on work performance and a direct impact on the quality of nursing care (Mohamed, 2019) Significance of the study Emotional intelligence plays an essential role in the healthcare persons. An emotionally intelligent nurses are able to recognize their own emotional state and the emotional Summary 112 states of others, can use this understanding of emotions to relate better to other people, form healthier relationships, achieve greater success at work, and lead a more fulfilling life (Cherry, 2018). Understanding how nurses manage their emotions and cope with the stress of their work setting is important for supporting nurses and keeping them at the bedside to ensure high‐quality patient care, (Segal & Smith, 2013). EI can predict the choice of coping strategies could be a protective factor against the adverse effects of occupational stress in the workplace. Improving a nurse’s coping skill in handling their occupational stress could lead to successful job performance, and improved patient outcomes. So, this study aimed at assessing the emotional intelligence and its relation to coping pattern among nurses working in urology and nephrology center. Aim of the Work The aim of this study was to assess the emotional intelligence and its relation to coping patterns among nurses working in urology and nephrology center. This aim was achieved through answering the following questions. Summary 113 Research questions 1. What are the levels of emotional intelligence among nurses working in urology and nephrology center? 2. What are the coping patterns among nurses working in urology and nephrology center? 3. What is the relation between emotional intelligence and coping patterns among nurses working in urology and nephrology center? Research Design: A descriptive correlational research design was used in this study to assess emotional intelligence and its relation to coping pattern among nurses working in urology and nephrology center. This study was conducted in urology and nephrology center in Mansoura city. It consists of four floor building, the center provides the medical care to all patients suffering from kidney disease. This center consist of two building, the first building contains three floor, one was for outpatient clinics which includes 12 clinics for urology patients, the second floor and 8 for kidney patients, the third floor for dialysis. Summary 114 The second building consisted of 6 floor all of them inpatient units and ICU. C-Subjects of the study: The subject of this study was ”A convenient sample” of 240 nurses working in urology and nephrology according to inclusion criteria during the study period. These inclusion criteria were: A. Age: Above 20 years. B. Sex: both sexes (male and female). C. Free from any psychiatric illness. D. Different Educational level (experience not less than one year). ● Sample size: The total number nurses working urology and nephrology center was 550. The sample size was consisted of 241 nurses according to formula for calculating sample size was the following: (The equation ( ) ) by Krejcie, R. V., & Morgan, D. W. (1970). Summary 115 D-Tools of data collection: Tools used for data collection were the following: 1- Socio Demographic sheet 2- Schutte Self-Report Emotional Intelligence Test (SSEIT) 3- The Brief COPE scale 1- Socio Demographic sheet “Appendix I” It was designed by the researcher, to assess socio demographic data of nurses’ understudy. It included data regarding to their age, sex, level of education, employment, work experience, monthly income, and residence. 2- Emotional intelligence scale “Appendix II”: It was originally developed by Schuttel (1998) and translated into Arabic language by the researcher to accumulate to hours study variables. It was used to assess emotional intelligence and composed of 33-item selfreported survey in order to quantify emotional intelligence and it was divided into six main different categories which involve assessment of emotion perception (6 items), utilizing emotions (6 items), Managing self- relevant emotions (6 Summary 116 items), Utilization of Emotion (5 items), Emotions Use (5 items) and Optimism (5 items). Scoring System Each item was rated on five-point Likert Scale ranged from (1: 5) as follows: ―Never‖ =1, ―Sometimes‖ =2, ―Frequently‖ =3. Mostly = 4. Always = 5. Score ranged from 33 to165.The lowest attainable Score was 33 and below 50%. the maximum score was more than 50% and up to 165.The highest score indicating high characteristics of emotional intelligence. 3- The Brief COPE Scale: The Brief COPE“Appendix III” was developed by Carver (1997). And it was translated into Arabic language by researcher. It was the abridged version of the original cope inventory.it was used to assess the coping pattern among nurses working at urology center. It consisted of 14 coping types with 28 questions which divided into two major subscale (Positive and negative coping). Positive coping includes (8) subscales as the following: Active coping, Instrumental support ,Planning, Acceptance ,Emotional support , Humor ,Positive reframing and Religion. Meanwhile, negative coping includes (6) subscales as the following: Summary 117 Behavioral Disengagement, Denial, Self-distraction, Selfblame, Substance use and Venting. Scoring system: The responses to these questions was measured on a 4- point Likert-type scale with responses ranging from 1 (―I‘ve not done this at all‖) to 4 (―I‘ve been doing this a lot‖). The total scores (ranging from 28 to 112) Results: The main finding of this study revealed that: The highest percentage (91.7%) of nurses under study are female and more than one third (34.9%) of them in age of 25 to 29 years, the majority (71.8%) of them are married and more than three fifth (60.6%). Near one third of nurses understudy are frequently that their emotion perception of emotional intelligence subscale in the form of they know when to speak about their personal problems to others, they When they faced with obstacles, they remember times that they faced similar obstacles and overcame them, they expect that they will do well on most things they try (32.8%), (32.4%) and (30.3%) respectively. Summary 118 More than one quarter of nurse‘s understudy are always arrange events others enjoy, they present themselves in a way that makes a good impression on others and looking at their facial expressions and they recognize the emotions which constitute (29.9%), (27.8%) and (26.6%) respectively. Meanwhile, more than one quarter of nurse‘s understudy are frequently they seek out activities that make them happy and when they in a positive mood, solving problems is easy for them, and they aware of the nonverbal messages they send to others which constitute (29.9%), (29%) and (27.8%) respectively. Near one third of nurses understudy are frequently that their utilization of emotion of emotional intelligence subscale in the form of when they in a positive mood, they able to come up with new ideas, they know why their emotions change, they have control over their emotions which constitute (32.8%), (30.7%) and (30.7%) respectively. More than three quarter (78%) of the studied sample had low level of emotional intelligence meanwhile below one quarter (22%) of them had high level of emotional intelligence. Summary 119 Regarding positive coping, the highest mean (5.92 ± 1.743) are found in active coping followed by (5.23 ± 1.915) in religion positive coping subscale. Meanwhile, it was found in negative coping, the highest mean (5.24 ± 1.894) founded in Behavioral Disengagement and followed by (5.24 ± 0.850) for Self-blame. And the lowest mean (5.11 ± 1.837) in denial negative coping. There are a statistical significant differences between levels of coping among the studied sample as evidenced by (P >0.001). There are appositive correlation between level of coping of the studied sample and their emotional intelligence as evidenced by (P >0.001). Conclusion Based on the results of the current study, it can be concluded that, the highest percentage of nurses under study are female and more than one third of them founded in age from 25 to >30 years, the majority of them are married and more than three fifth of them graduated from the institute of nursing, more than three quarter of them are in low levels of emotional intelligence, as regards as their coping levels, the highest mean founded in positive active coping subscale. Summary 120 Meanwhile, the highest mean of negative coping was founded in Behavioral Disengagement. Also, it can be proved from this study that there was a positive correlation between emotional intelligence and coping patterns of nurses working in urology and nephrology center. Recommendation For Nursing Training program on work stress management should be done to alleviate stress and improving coping pattern among nurses in critical care units Educational program on emotional intelligence skills for nurses should be done to enhance their emotional intelligence and their ability to manage any critical situation and to have a better quality of work and performance. Continuing nursing education activities are strongly recommended especially for newly graduated nurses to improve their emotional intelligence. This could be in the form of: On-the-job training courses Seminars and workshops Summary 121 Education: Adding emotional intelligence on curricula of nursing students to enhance mange stress to different situations in live and job. For researches Future studies is suggested to be done on large number of nurses to examine the relationship between emotional intelligence and coping of nurses working in critical care units. |