الفهرس 
IntroductionOnly 14 pages are availabe for public view
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Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the 5th most common cancer worldwide and the 3rd leading cause of cancer-related mortality. In Egypt, HCC is the 2nd most common cancer in men and the 6th most common cancer in women and it accounts for about 4.7% of chronic liver disease patients.For an early diagnosis, abdominal ultrasound and serum alpha–fetoprotein determinations at 4–month intervals are suggested for all patients with liver cirrhosis, since this disease is considered to be the main risk factor for the development of the neoplasia. Recently, advancement in diagnostic radiology and nuclear medicine contributed accurate and early diagnosis of HCC. Ultasound, CT, Triphasic CT and MRI are used in diagnosis of these tumors.Percutaneous ethanol injection (PEI) required few sessions of treatments and small volume of injection materials to achieve complete tumour necrosis. Ethanol seemed to have high necrotizing power because of the ability of ethanol to dissolve lipid and extract collagen fiber from intratumoural septa and capsules that often contain viable cancer cells. It was selected for local treatment of malignant liver lesions because of its low tissue toxicity, high intratumoral concentration after intratumoral instillation, and long time in the tumor, since it has a tendency to remain at the application site.