الفهرس 
Formulation of some brain imaging agents in comparison with the commercially available radiopharmaceuticals
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Abstract
Functional medical imaging is of a great clinical interest as it can detect or measure changes in metabolism, blood flow, regional chemical composition and absorption. It is a non invasive in-vivo diagnostic tool to investigate the abnormalities in the body organs. It differs from structural imaging and functional imaging as it focuses on revealing physiological activities within a certain tissue or organ.
For functional imaging the proper isotope for labeling and imaging processes should have suitable short half life with suitable photon energy within the range of gamma camera. Iodine-123 and technetium-99m are the most proper isotopes that fulfill these criteria. The selection between either of them will be dependent on the structure of the compound to be labeled (ligand). Brain imaging in humans is currently achieved by using 99mTc-ethyl cysteinate dimer (99mTc-ECD), 99mTc-hexamethyl propylene-amineoxime (99mTc-HMPAO) and N-isopropyl-p-[123I] iodo-amphetamine (123IMP). The major disadvantage of these compounds is their poor brain uptake in experimental animals (4.7% ID/gram for 99mTc-ECD, 1.14% ID/gram for 123IMP and 2.25% ID/gram for 99mTc-HMPAO) and low stability.
The aim of this thesis was to test a novel delivery system (phospholipid magnesome) for intranasal brain targeting that may act as a promising brain delivery system for non-invasive therapeutic and/or diagnostic purposes of brain diseases and comparing their uptakes with the commercially available radiopharmaceuticals. Clonazepam was successfully labeled with 131I. Topiramate was labeled with 99mTc. The biodistribution and pharmacokinetic behavior of the labeled compounds in Swiss Albino mice were studied.
This thesis consists of introduction and three chapters: