الفهرس 
Functional outcome of modified double endbutton technique versus polyster tape technique in management of complete acromioclavicular dislocations
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Abstract
Acromioclavicular (AC) joint dislocation is most commonly a result of a direct impact to the AC joint. The AC joint is surrounded by a capsule and has an intra-articular synovium and an articular cartilage interface. An articular disc is usually present in the joint, but this varies in size and shape. The AC joint capsule is quite thin, but has considerable ligamentous support; there are four AC ligaments: Superior, inferior, anterior and posterior. The coracoclavicular (CC) ligament complex consists of the conoid and trapezoid ligaments. Several biomechanical studies showed that horizontal stability of the AC joint is mediated by the AC ligaments while vertical stability is mediated by the CC ligaments. The radiographic classification of AC joint injuries described by rockwood includes six types. The diagnosis of AC joint dislocation can be based on historical data, physical examination and imaging studies. The zanca view is the most accurate view for examining the AC joint. The axial view of the shoulder is important in differentiating a type III AC joint injury from a type IV injury. Type I and II injuries are usually treated conservatively. There are differing opinions regarding management of Type III injuries with a shift toward more conservative management. Surgery should be considered for younger more active patients, in individuals who do heavy repetitive lifting and finally in thin individuals with prominent distal clavicles or those who work with their arms above 90 degrees.