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Abstract
Diabetic nephropathy (DN) is a major complication of diabetes and a leading cause of end-stage renal failure in many developed countries. The study aimed to evaluate the efficiency of rowatinex, losartan with melatonin in the protection and treatment of DN. Diabetes was induced in rats by a single dose intraperitoneal (i.p) injection of streptozotocin (STZ) (50 mg/kg body weight). Three days after induction of diabetes, rats with glucose level ranged from 260{u2013} 350 mg/dl were included in this study. Rats were divided into thirteen groups as normal control group (negative control), rowatinex control group (300 mg/kg/day) oral taken, melatonin control group (200 og/ kg/day) (i.p), rowatinex + melatonin control group, STZ induced diabetic group, prophylactic groups (rowatinex, melatonin, rowatinex + melatonin), treated groups (rowatinex, melatonin, rowatinex + melatonin, losartan; (2 mg/kg/day oral taken) and losartan + melatonin) daily for 8 weeks. The evaluation was done by measuring body weight, blood glucose, blood urea nitrogen (BUN), serum uric acid, serum creatinine, urine creatinine, creatinine clearance, nitric oxide (NOx), malondialdehyde (MDA), superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione (GSH), total antioxidant capacity (TAC), kidney injury molecule-1(KIM-1), heat shock protein-70 (HSP70), caspase-3 (CASP3), transforming growth factor Ý1 (TGF- Ý1), and DNA degradation by comet assay and total protein contents. Diabetic rats showed severe changes in all the measured parameters. Treatment with melatonin and the selected drugs revealed amelioration levels with variable degrees