الفهرس 
IntroductionOnly 14 pages are availabe for public view
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Abstract
A simple model of the EDL was first suggested by Helmholz in which the charges at the interface were regarded as the two plates constituting a parallel plate capacitor, e.g. a plate of metal with excess electrons (the inner Helmholz plane IHP) and a plate of excess positively charged ions (the outer Helmholz plane OHP) in the solution adjacent to the metal; the charges balance one another so that the EDL is neutral as a whole.Depending on the nature of the solid material and the composition of the adjacent aqueous phase, several variations of the EDL models were formulated [27-31]. The most general situation is that of the triple layer model supposed by Bockris and Reddy [32] for a planar surface and the solid/liquid interface is visualized in terms of three layers of charge represented in Figure (2). The inner most layer, called the surface layer, consists of the solid surface itself and it is the location of the primary potential determining ions. The next charge region is the inner Helmholtz plane (IHP), which is a compact layer of counter-charge typically consisting of relatively strongly bound (i.e. specifically adsorbed) ions.