الفهرس 
Energy Conversion Using Nanostructured Earth Abundant Materials
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Abstract
The continuous depletion of non-renewable energy resources and their resulting harmful
emissions; particularly those of traditional combustions of fossil fuels, have attracted the
attention of the global community to sustain clean, affordable and efficient energy
alternatives. The recent revolution of nanoscience has motivated research in liquid fuel cells
by suggesting novel nanostructured materials for the catalysis of the involved anodic and
cathodic reactions. Herein, a group of novel peerless inexpensive propitious binary
(FeOOH/Pt) and ternary (FeOOH/NiOx/Pt and FeOOH/CoOx/Pt) anodic nanostructured
catalysts has been recommended for formic acid electro-oxidation (FAO), the principal
anodic reaction in the direct formic acid fuel cells (DFAFCs). In the catalysts’ preparation via
the electrochemical ”layer-by-layer” methodology, a precise engineering of spherical Pt
nanoparticles (nano-Pt: ca. 100 nm in average diameter) was accomplished with intersected
ferric oxyhydroxide nanotubes (nano-FeOOH: ca 20 nm in average diameter) that were
crystallized principally in the -FeOOH (goethite) phase. Next, a further amendment of the
FeOOH@Pt catalyst with nano-NiOx (aggregated nanoparticles ca. 56 nm) and nano-CoOx
(aggregated nanorods ca. 58 nm in diameter) was achieved. The FeOOH@Pt catalyst showed
a significant enhancement for FAO and a potential tendency to prevent the persistent CO
poisoning of the Pt substrates that endures the inherent impairment of the catalytic
performance of DFAFCs. This was synchronized (relatively to nano-Pt) with a four-fold
increase in the catalytic efficiency, a ca. 172 mV shift in the open circuit potential and a
much (eightfold) better catalyst’s durability for FAO. The incorporation of nano-NiOx and
nano-CoOx to the catalytic ingredients has incredibly boosted the catalytic efficiency toward
FAO up to ca. 12-fold and 6-fold and durability up to 4-fold and 21-fold, respectively;
foreseeing a quick industrialization for DFAFCs