الفهرس 
INTRODUCTIONOnly 14 pages are availabe for public view
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Abstract
The liver is one of the organs most closely examined in the toxicological study of vertebrates (Catttley & Cullen, 2003; Wolf & Wolfe, 2005). It is not only a significant site for many biotransformation reactions, it is also involved in energy metabolism, storage, digestion of food (by biliary synthesis), protein synthesis such as coagulation factors, vitellogenin (Vtg), and hormones such as insulin-like growth factor, thrombopoietin, and angiotensin II (Hinton et al., 2001). The liver is also a common target for both cytotoxicity and tumorigenesis in fish and other vertebrates, partly as a result of biotransformation reactions, which can boost metabolite toxicity and cancer (Kleinow et al., 1987; Hinton et al., 2001). While, distant metastases with malignancy are relatively uncommon in fish (Ferguson, 2006; Dale et al., 2009), a site of metastatic cancer colonization may be present in the liver (Wolf, 2013).