الفهرس 
INTRODUCTIONOnly 14 pages are availabe for public view
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Abstract
Temporomandibular disorders (TMDs) are relatively common conditions and internal derangement is the most common among them. Clinically, it may be accompanied by pain, limitation of mouth opening, clicking, and locking. Diagnosing TMD requires a focused history, physical examination, and different imaging modalities which have been proposed to study this entity. Clinical examination included measurement the ranges of movements of the mandible, deviations during movements, TMJ sounds, masticatory muscle pain, TMJ pain and pain during movement of the mandible. Degree of TMD was assessed using clinical dysfunction index (Dl) of Helkimo. Panoramic radiographs will provide good imaging of the joint’s bony structures but not the articular disc. MRI is the modality of choice for examining the disc position (gold standard). OPG and MRI provide valuable information regarding TMD and can play a key role in arriving at a clinical diagnosis of complex TMJ pathologies.
This study aimed to correlate severity of TMDs using Helkimo’s index with panoramic variables; additionally, to correlate panoramic variables with disc position on MRI as a gold standard.
Thirty patients who were presented with TMDs to the Maxillofacial and Plastic surgery department, Faculty of Dentistry, Alexandria University from 2021 to 2022, were included in this research after gaining the approval of the Research Ethics Board of the same faculty. TMD patients were evaluated for the following: age, sex, clinical parameters, panoramic variables, and disc position on MRI.
Statistical regression tests were used to determine the variable mostly affected by TMD. Study results indicated a statistically significant negative correlation between the increase in the severity of TMD and decrease in the condylar height of panoramic variables. Additionally, there was a significant statistically negative correlation between disc position on MRI and panoramic variables regarding CH. Furthermore, there was a statistically significant positive correlation between disc position and HCDI for the severe group.
The current study concluded that the decrease in condylar height is the most affected variable among all study variables related to the increasing severity of TMD. Additionally, the condylar height is affected by disc position. MRI is particularly effective in those with high dysfunction index (Di). The study’s results give a valuable information, and potential avoidance of unnecessary use of MRI in patients with TMD symptoms and in which stages of the TMD should we expect pathological findings.