الفهرس 
Evaluation of subclinical left ventricular systolic dysfunction in persons with sleep inversion using strain and strain rate Echocardiography
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Abstract
Background: Sleep inversion is sleeping during the day and waking up at night ;a depart from the normal sleeping time between 10:00 PM to 5:00 AM. The aim of this study was to detect subtle changes in left ventricular (LV) systolic function caused by sleep inversion using strain imaging in young healthy individuals free of cardiovascular risk factors.Methods:100 healthy persons (18 to 35 years of age)with an inverted sleep pattern,and a normal LV systolic function by conventional 2D echocardiography were compared with 100 healthy individuals from the same age group with normal sleep timings. Conventional and speckle tracking echocardiography (STE) were performed.Results:Male gender, smoking, less exercise, social media overuse, and junk food were significantly more common in the sleep inversion group. They had lower global longitudinal strain (GLS)than healthy controls (-20.90% ± 3.45 vs -22.87% ± 3.67, p< 0.0001).By multivariate analysis, sleep inversion was found to be independent Ly associated with low GLS (Odds ratio: 2.02, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.07-3.82, p = 0.03) Conclusion: Sleep inversion is associated with subclinical LV systolic dysfunction identified by STE in young healthy individuals