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Abstract
MicroRNAs play an important role in modulating mammalian gene expression and therefore regulate several key cellular functions. Consequently, dysregulation or mutation of microRNAs can impact the development of specific diseases such as the pathogenesis of diabetes and its complications including diabetic nephropathy. The aim of the current work was to study differential expressions of miR - 21, miR - 93 and miR - 377 and their possible underlying role in the development of nephropathy in type 1 diabetic patients. Expression of the three microRNAs was performed in 40 type 1 diabetic patients without microalbuminuria (group I) and 30 type 1 diabetic patients with microalbuminuria (group II). The expression was detected in serum by quantitative real time reverse transcription PCR (qRT - PCR). MicroRNA - 21 was upregulated in 36.6% of patients with microalbuminuria on top of type 1 DM and was downregulated in 60% of patients in the same group. There was no statistical significant difference between group I and group II (p - value = 0.498). Downregulation of miR - 93 was found in 76.7 % of patients with microalbuminuria, while the upregulated cases represented 16.7 %. No significant statistical difference was detected between group I and group II (p - value = 0.567). MicroRNA - 93 might have a protective role against development of microalbuminuria. More studies on miR - 21 are still needed to unmask its potential role in development of diabetic nephropathy