الفهرس 
Title : Effect of Age and Stimulus Type on the Frequency Tuning and Amplitude Asymmetry Ratio of the Cervical and the Ocular Vestibular Evoked Myogenic Potentials in the Egyptian population
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Abstract
Vestibular evoked myogenic potential (VEMP) is a short-latency potential evoked through activation of vestibular receptors using sound or vibration (Colebatch and Rosengren, 2016).Cervical VEMP (cVEMP) reflects the sacculo-collic reflex. Ocular VEMP (oVEMP) reflects the utriculo-ocular reflex (Murofushi, 2016). Normal values for VEMP parameters depend on many variables, such as aging and various stimulus parameters (Piker et al., 2013; Dlugaiczyk, 2020).
Objectives: The aim of this study was toassess age related changes in cVEMP and oVEMP parameters, specially the interaural amplitude difference ratio (IAAD) and inter-frequency-amplitude ratio (FAR) (frequency tuning), with 500 and 1000Hz, using air and bone conduction stimuli.
Subjects and methods: This study included 80 normal healthy individuals divided into 5 age groups, consisting of 16 individuals each, without medical history of any diseases and not complaining of any ear, hearing or balance problems. Each participant in the study was subjected to full history taking, otoscopic examination, basic audiologic evaluation, and cVEMP and oVEMP.
Results: The absence of VEMP response was found mainly in participants above 50 years old and was more obvious in participants more than 60 years old. There was a statistically significant difference (P<0.05) among groups regarding VEMP latency and amplitude. And a statistically significant positive correlation between VEMP latency and age, and an inverse correlation between VEMP amplitude and age. There was a statistically significant difference among groups regarding FAR and positive correlations with age. However, there was no statistically significant difference among groups regarding IAAD%.FAR showed similar results comparing between cVEMP and oVEMP and comparing between air or bone conduction.
Conclusion: Aging affected VEMP response rate, VEMP latency, amplitude and frequency tuning especially above 50 years old, but not IAAD%.So, we recommend that every laboratory should have its own normative data for each age group.