الفهرس 
IntroductionOnly 14 pages are availabe for public view
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Abstract
The tibia is the most commonly fractured long bone. Most of these fractures are found in young males (thought to be related to sports or motor vehicle accidents) with a second peak of incidence among elderly patients
,whose injuries likely resulted from a simple fall. Surgical treatment of open tibial shaft fractures can improve alignment and provide stability to the bone and the surrounding soft tissues. Stable fixation allows early motion of the adjacent joints and helping to improve overall functions. Different methods used to treat tibial shaft fractures, and the goal of each method is to stabilize the bone in an acceptable alignment. The first method is plate fixation, which includes compression plating and bridge plating. Both traditional none locking and locking screws may be used and both open and minimally invasive sub muscular approaches may be employed. The second technique is intramedullary nailing, undertaken with or without reaming. The third method of treating open tibial shaft tibial fractures is external fixation using either a uniplanar, multiplaner or circular tensioned fine wire fixator. All of these techniques have associated with specific advantages and disadvantages Intramedullary nailing is considered a safe and effective method for the treatment of most tibial shaft fractures. It provides stable fixation, preserves the soft tissue sleeve around the fracture site, maintains cortical blood flow and allows early motion of adjacent joints. Adequacy of wound irrigation, debridement and soft tissue coverage is very important in prevention of infection in open fractures of tibia.