الفهرس 
AbstractOnly 14 pages are availabe for public view
 |  | from | 162 |  |  |
| | | from | 162 | | |
Abstract
The present study was conducted to evaluate the therapeutic value of extracellular vesicles such as exosomes (EXOs) on diabetes and diabetic nephropathy (DN). Camel milk differs from the milk of other animals in having special components that reduce blood glucose levels. Little is known about how camel milk and its EXOs affect DN. In order to assess this impact on a DN rat model caused by streptozotocin, the current investigations were carried out (1) decreased levels of kidney function parameters, (2) restored redox balance, (3) downregulated expression of DN-related genes, and (4) decreased renal damage histological score, after treatment with camel milk and/or its EXOs. These findings suggested that the camel milk alone or\and its EXOs had a superior outcome for ameliorating and treating DN than combined therapy.
Due to their antibacterial, anti-fungal, and anticancer properties, camel milk (CM) and its EXO offer a variety of health-promoting effects. In this study, we examined the antimicrobial effects of EXO on (Candida albicans), gram-positive bacteria Staphylococcus aureus, Micrococcus leutus, and Enterococcus feaclis), and gram-negative strains (Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Proteus mirabillus) and (Candida albicans). We only detected bacteriostatic and fungistatic effects for EXOs, and bactericidal effect of CM on gram positive bacteria. As far as we are aware, this is the first work to document an EXO-specific apoptotic effect on HepG2 and CaCo2 cells but not on healthy Vero cells. In cancer cells, but not in normal cells, EXOs also increased intracellular reactive oxygen species and decreased antioxidant state.