الفهرس 
The Role of Dexmedetomidine in decreasing Acute Kidney Injury in Children with Acyanotic Heart Disease Undergoing Total Correction by a New Urinary Biomarker Kidney Injury Molecule-1
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Abstract
Cardiac surgery with cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) is the most frequent major surgical procedure worldwide. Acute kidney injury (AKI) is a common and serious complication encountered in 30{u2013}40% after CPB. Once AKI is established, there is no effective treatment for human AKI, and dialysis merely provides supportive care. There in lies the Achilles{u2019} heel of AKI management ; the paucity of early biomarkers has lead to an unacceptable delay in initiating therapy in humans.Serum creatinine is insensitive for the early detection of AKI. KIM-1 is one of the most highly induced proteins in the kidney after AKI in animal models, and a proteolytically processed domain of KIM-1 is easily detected in the urine soon after AKI. In a small human cross-sectional study, KIM-1 expression was markedly induced in proximal tubules in kidney biopsies from patients with established AKI (primarily ischemic), and urinary KIM-1 measured by ELISA distinguished ischemic AKI from prerenal azotemia and chronic renal disease