الفهرس 
Chapter (I): Type I Diabetes mellitusOnly 14 pages are availabe for public view
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Abstract
Diabetes mellitus and its complications, which continue to increase every year, cause great human suffering and huge economic costs. chronic complications of the disease are increasing proportionally to the increase in the incidence of diabetes. The main threat is posed by late complications of diabetes, in particular diabetic nephropathy. Diabetic nephropathy develops mainly after 5-10 years from the onset of the disease and quickly enough leads to chronic renal failure every fourth to the fifth patient with type 1 diabetes dies from chronic renal failure.
The study of polymorphic markers of genes encoding regulatory proteins and receptors of the renin- angiotensin system makes it possible to identify groups of patients with an increased risk of developing the progression of the pathological process, microvascular complications. Genetic research can be the basis for personalizing kidney disease.
In diabetes, AGE accumulation may result from chronic hyperglycemia promoting the generation of AGEs, and also with concomitant impaired renal function because the kidney is the major site of AGE clearance. AGE modified proteins may be more resistant to enzymatic degradation, and it is likely that this further promotes local tissue AGE accumulation. The kidney is a target for AGE-mediated damage and is also a contributor to circulating AGE concentrations as seen in settings such as diabetes because the kidney is the major site of clearance of AGEs. So, the aim of this study was to study relation between ACE and RAGE genes in children with type 1 diabetes presented by renal complications.
To elucidate our aim, this study was A cross section study was conducted on 50 Egyptian children with type 1 diabetes presented by renal complications from our endocrinology, genetic unit and outpatient clinic in pediatric department, Menoufia University, during a period time from April 2021 to October 2022.
All objective of this study were divided into two groups: group I (Patients group): included 50 children with type 1 diabetes presented by renal complications group, the mean age was (9.15± 5.14), and gender was 22 males and 28 females and group II (control group): included 50 healthy control group, the mean age was (9.73± 4.92) and gender was 8 males and 42 females.