الفهرس 
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Abstract
Metal organic frameworks (MOFs) Crystalline microporous and mesoporous are constructed by joining metal containing units [secondary building units (SBUs)] with organic linkers, using strong bonds (reticular synthesis) to create open crystalline frameworks with permanent porosity. Bivalent or trivalent aromatic carboxylic acids or N-containing aromatics are commonly used to form frameworks with zinc, copper, chromium, aluminum, zirconium, and other elements. Their fascinating and various structural topologies, permanent porosity, and wide selection of potential applications for photochemistry, storage, catalysis and sensing have recently created an incredible interest for this practical material. Scientists must look into alternative application fields and find ways to lower MOF synthesis costs to prepare MOFs for possible commercialization. Water pollution is a serious problem as it affects our lives and is expected to get worse over the coming decades. According to the World Health Organization (WHO), environmental contaminants found in the soil, air, and water cause 25 % of human health diseases. Among these pollutants, organic dyes, are currently widely utilized in plastics, cosmetics, textiles, paper, and prescribed drugs industries. Moreover, pesticides which are used to reduce flies in agriculture. In this study, Zn and Cu metals were extracted from waste batteries and from the electrical wires waste, respectively, and used to prepare Zn-MOFs and Cu- MOF composite. The adsorption efficiency of prepared Zn-MOF towards the removal of three dyes AB, O(II), and MB from aqueous solutions was investigated. Additionally, the adsorption performance of the fabricated Cu- BDC/chitosan/alginic beads has been investigated for carbaryl remediation from wastewater. The thesis comprises of three chapters as follows: Chapter 1: This chapter introduced a general introduction about definition of metal organic frameworks (MOFS), general methods of their synthesis, their properties, their different applications, green chemistry of MOFS, MOFs composites, important of MOF Beads, water purification techniques, Environment issue of dyes, dyes removal technology, environment issue of pesticide, pesticides carbaryl, removal of dyes from wastewater by using MOFs, removal of pesticides from wastewater using MOFS. Chapter 2: This chapter concerns the experimental part, and it was divided in two parts. Part (I) displays the chemicals and their resources as well as the steps of preparation of Zn(BDC) MOF and (Cu(BDC) chitosan/alginic beads. The techniques which were used for characterization of the prepared MOFs were mentioned. The adsorption of three dyes (AB, O(II), MB) and carbaryl pesticide on Zn(BCD)-MOF and Cu(BCD)/chitosan/alginic beads were described, respectively. In part (II) the adsorption kinetics, isotherm and thermodynamic mathematical equations were discussed. Chapter 3: This part presents the results which are summarized in two parts. The first part discusses the characterization results of Zn(BDC)-MOF, by several techniques such as FT-IR, XRD, SEM, EDX, TEM,TGA, Zeta potential and BET measurements. The structure of the as-prepared Zn(BDC)- MOF coincided with commercially prepared one as confirmed by FT-IR and XRD. The adsorption efficiency of Zn(BDC)-MOF towards AB, O(II), and MB dyes from an aqueous solution was investigated. The results showed that Zn(BDC)-MOF was a more efficient for the removal of AB than O(II), and MB dyes. The adsorption of AB O(II) and MB on Zn(BDC)-MOF was studied under various experimental conditions such as different dye concentrations, amount of dosage, temperature and pH to optimize the maximum removal efficiency. The adsorption of AB, O(II) and MB was well-fitted by the Freundlich isotherm model, while the adsorption kinetics data followed the pseudo-second-order model. The enthalpy change (ΔH°), and Gibbs free energy change (ΔG°) showed that the adsorption process was spontaneous and endothermic processes for AB, however, non-spontaneous and exothermic for the uptake of O(II) and MB. Moreover, the prepared Zn(BDC)-MOF can be easily regenerated and reused for the removal of AB for five cycles without a decrease in the adsorption capacity. Zn(BDC)-MOF showed good stability after five cycles of adsorption-desorption with no changes in their functional groups and framework. The second part presents the results of Cu(BCD)/chitosan/alginic beads for the removal carbaryl pesticide from aqueous solution. The prepared of Cu(BCD)/chitosan/alginic beads were characterized using different tools such as FT-IR, XRD, SEM, EDX and BET measurements. The durable and green Cu-BDC/chitosan/alginic beads showed very effective carbaryl elimination from wastewater. The adsorption of carbaryl on Cu-BDC/chitosan/alginic beads was studied under various experimental conditions such as different carbaryl concentrations and pH to optimize the maximum removal efficiency. The maximal adsorption capacity was found to be 225.51 mg g-1, and monolayer adsorption process according to Langmuir model. The proposed mechanism for the adoration process of Carbaryl on Cu(BCD)/chitosan/alginic beads was discussed.