الفهرس 
IntroductionOnly 14 pages are availabe for public view
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Abstract
Saving energy in Egypt has always been a significant problem that concerns stakeholders and decision-makers as well as citizens, especially since Egypt is considered as one of the developing countries according to the United Nations‘ Human Development Index (HDI). In addition to that, Egypt’s electricity consumption for domestic purposes causes huge energy waste, particularly when it is used to provide thermal comfort inside residential buildings, whether for cooling in summer, or heating in winter. Hence, the research problem is that the design of residential buildings in Egypt does not take into consideration the principles of energy efficiency practiced in most developed countries. Also, the solutions that are used in similar cases of developed countries are not studied or analyzed to the degree that it enables it to be implemented in developing countries such as Egypt. The aim of this research is to improve the energy efficiency in residential buildings by providing comprehensive guidelines on how to design the facades of residential buildings; as this is the primary factor in providing natural lighting and indoor ventilation, to achieve thermal comfort and thus reduce energy consumption in general and electricity in particular. During this research, all contemporary building materials are dealt with and classified according to the sources of their raw materials, with mention of their physical and mechanical properties that may affect their performance in construction, and a group of environmentally friendly building materials are reviewed to be a more efficient alternative to contemporary building materials, and due to the multiplicity and abundance of types of treatments and the technologies that are used in the facades, all strategies have been confined under main four categories, under which all other sub-categories fall. To test the research hypothesis as an attempt to reach a design methodology that achieves the lowest energy consumption, the case of a housing project for low-income citizens in Egypt (Bashayer Al-Khair project in Alexandria) is studied, the environmental properties as well as the physical properties of the building materials used in the project determined and analyzed to calculate the overall performance of one building of the project, then a set of alternative design suggestions are identified as well as analyzed. And all this is done through 3D simulation software (Climate Consultant, and DesignBuilder), where a comparison is made between the results of the base model and the results of the suggested models to determine the best results in terms of design, as well as providing some recommendations that may benefit researchers, architecture students, designers, or whoever is interested in designing the facades of residential buildings to achieve the lowest energy consumption.