الفهرس 
INTRODUCTIONOnly 14 pages are availabe for public view
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Abstract
There are many pollutants in the environment including pesticides. Despite the fact that pesticides are vital to modern agriculture to increase agricultural output, their improper use has common adverse consequences, which not only causes various types of stress on the ecosystem, but are also extremely harmful to the human health, and non-target organisms. As a result, governments and the scientific community have implemented environmental action plans aimed at identifying effective and profitable solutions to combat the deterioration of this environment as part of sustainable development. These efforts are needed to ensure incremental improvements over the coming years. Here, we sought, in the present study, to determine whether the two tested pesticides (azoxystrobin fungicide and indoxacarb insecticide) when used at environmentally relevant concentrations, have deleterious effects on the non-target land snail, Theba pisana as measured by physiological impairment, biochemical and histopathological changes in the animals. Summary of the outcomes that were achieved:
1- Impact of azoxystrobin and indoxacarb on physiological biomarkers of T. pisana snails Feeding behavior The data of food consumption percentage of snails exposed to azoxystrobin- and indoxacarb-contaminated-diet revealed that the food consumption rate of exposed snails was decreased with increasing exposure time and concentration. At the end of the experiment, azoxystrobin at a high concentration (3 µg/ml) was found to be more effective on food consumption (65.77 %) than azoxystrobin (73.38 %) a low concentration (0.3 µg/ml).
The results also showed that the food consumption rate of exposed snails was decreased with increasing concentration of indoxacarb and exposure time. After 7 days of exposure, indoxacarb at the concentration of 0.2 µg/ml was found to be more effective on food consumption (95.25%) than indoxacarb at 0.02 µg/ml (98.95%), and the corresponding values were 86.56 % and 91.79 % after 14 days of exposure. Likewise, the percentage of food consumption was reduced in snails exposed to a high concentration of indoxacarb with 73.87 and 58.13 % than snails exposed to a low concentration with 82.74 and 68.17%, after 21 days and 28 days of exposure, respectively. Summary and Conclusion 74 - Growth responses
The growth of snails exposed to azoxystrobin decreased with increasing time throughout the experiment (28 days). The growth inhibition at the concentration of 0.3 µg/ml azoxystrobin was 5.39, 12.46, 25.75 and 33.58 % after 7, 14, 21 and 28 days of exposure, respectively. The corresponding values in snails treated with azoxystrobin at the concentration of 3 µg/ml were 11.25, 19.38, 35.61 and 44.77%. Overall, the growth of snails subjected to a high concentration of indoxacarb –contaminated diet was less than that of a low one through 28 days of exposure.