الفهرس 
Anatomy of Spinal cord and vertebraeOnly 14 pages are availabe for public view
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Abstract
In children, spinal diseases also have many specific peculiarities compared to adults. For instance, persistent pain lasting more than two months in children is often associated with a specific diagnosable lesion in up to 85% of patients. As for spinal tumors, clinical symptoms may include not only pain, but fever, weight loss, weakness, neurological deficits, bowel, and bladder dysfunction, and more. Inflammatory lesions are first defined based on their presence in either central (including the spinal canal) or lateral (not including the spinal canal) sagittal slices and then, second, on their anatomic location in relation to the vertebral end plate (vertebral corner versus noncore). Inflammation of the spine in patients with ankylosing spondylitis (AS) causes substantial morbidity and may eventually lead to disability by progressive ossification of the axial skeleton. Inflammatory lesions are also recorded in the posterior elements of the spine according to anatomic location (facet joint, spinous process). MRI usually allows differentiating neoplastic from nonneoplastic spinal cord lesions; however, MRI is limited in defining tumor histology. MRI should always include the entire spine and if a focal spinal cord neoplasm is identified, the brain should be included to exclude additional or metastatic lesions. Spinal lesions may be metastatic lesions from an intracranial neoplasm. MRI protocols should include multiple planes taking advantage of different imaging contrasts like T1- and T2-weighted images. Contrast enhanced images will increase diagnostic sensitivity. Finally, functional sequences including diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) and 1H magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) may be helpful. So, the aim of this study was to assess the role of Magnetic Resonance Imaging in evaluation of non-traumatic spinal lesions in children. To elucidate our aim, this study was A cross sectional analytic study was conducted on 50 of either child presented with non-traumatic spinal lesions to be evaluated at our Radiology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Menoufia university by Magnetic Resonance Imaging during a period time from January 2022 to December 2022. All patients were subjected to: History taking for the following data: Age, Sex, age of onset, disease duration, residence, past and present history of any disease. Full details clinical symptoms include pain, fever, weight loss, weakness, neurological deficits, bowel, and bladder dysfunction, and more. MRI imaging was performed with 1.5 T MR system: The images were performed with different MRI sequences and in different planes. MR imaging features of spinal lesions and adjacent cord were characterized by: Type of lesion, Number of lesions, Site of lesion, Vertebral bone, and Intervertebral space change. The results of this study could be summarized as follow: The mean age was (5.16±4.94). female (62%) was higher than males (38%). The most common type was Intramedullary (48%) then Extradural (36%) and Intradural extramedullary (16%). The most common location was Lumbar and cauda equina, Lumbosacral (18%) than another location. the most common Number of lesions was Multiple (66%) then Solitary (34%). Most of patients was Residence in Rural, 66% patients had post history, 70% had pain, 40% had fever, 34% was Weight loss, 60% had Weakness, 48% had neurological deficits and 14 % had Bowel and bladder dysfunction. Paraspinal mass was 24 %, Vertebral bone Involvement was 42%, Cord compression was 30% and Cord expansion was 0%. the most common MR diagnosis was Myelomeningocele (18%) then Meningitis (12%) followed by Focal Kyphus deformity, Guillain Barre syndrome, Intramedullary abscess and astrocytoma (10%), Osteoblastoma, Lipoma and Diastematomyelia (8%), Tethered cord (6%).
Hyperintense T1WI was (46%). While Hyperintense T2WI was (38%). Astrocytoma was found in 3 females in normal T1 and T2, Osteoblastoma was found in 3 females in hyperintense T1 and T2. Focal Kyphosis deformity was found in 5 females in normal T1and T2. Guillain Barre Syndrome was found in 5 females in normal T1and T2. Intramedullary abscess was found in 5 females in normal T1 and T2. Meningitis was found in 6 males in hyperintense T1 and T2. Meningocele was found in 4 males in hyperintense T1 and normal T2. Lipoma was found in 5 males in hyperintense T1 and T2.