الفهرس 
الإطار العام للبحثيوجد فقط 14 صفحة متاحة للعرض العام
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المستخلص
Research summary in English Introduction and research problem: The elderly’s participation in fitness programmes has increased recently, due to their realisation of the extent of the relationship between participation in sports programmes and what studies and research have shown. That’s to say the benefits of physical exercises in alleviating the symptoms of aging. (21:266)
Studies have shown that regular exercise by the elderly helps prevent or delay diseases and difficulties that they face in their daily lives, and studies have also found that even very light physical exercises can improve the health of the elderly who suffer from weakness or various aging diseases. (21:267)
Water is considered as an appropriate and excellent medium for treatment, rehabilitation, hospitalisation and training, as it provides a wide range of treatment, rehabilitation, recovery and training, especially when compared to other activities, where water exercises act as preventive medicine and physical therapy in the face of many cases of treatment of injury or rehabilitation after injury or surgery, or general fitness for health, weight loss, fitness and improving the level of physical fitness. (22:156)
Both ”Mervat Sadeq” (2004 AD) and ”Ruth Sofa” (1993 AD) agreed that swimming is one of the most important and best physical exercises for all ages and genders, as its positive effect affects all the muscles of the body in general and an effective means to improve the functional and physiological processes of the body’s organs and vital systems. So they improve the efficiency of the heart and lungs, which improves the adaptation of blood circulation and breathing. (24: 218-220) (45:15)
Through the researcher’s work in the field of swimming and water rehabilitation at the 6th of October Club in Giza Governorate, she noticed the complaints of many elderly people in terms of physical and physiological aspects, which prompted the researcher to design a training programme within the aquatic environment and to know its effect on some physical and physiological variables for the elderly. It is worth mentioning the scarcity of studies on this subject in the Egyptian and Arabian libraries, according to the researcher.
Research importance:-
Scientific importance: -
This study is one of the recent scientific attempts to find out the impact of a proposed training programme using the water medium on some physical and physiological variables for the elderly, to bring the elderly to a good physical and physiological condition, and may contribute to directing the attention of researchers to address other similar programmes using the water medium in the sport of the elderly.
Applied importance:-
The applied importance of the current study lies in its attempt to design a proposed training programme using the aquatic medium and knowing its effect on some physical and physiological variables.
What’s new in the research.
Designing a proposed training programme using the aquatic medium to determine the extent of the effect of some physical and physiological variables on the elderly.
Research aims:-
The research aims to:
First: Designing a proposed training programme using the aquatic medium.
Second: To identify the effect of the proposed training programme using the water medium on some physical and physiological variables for the elderly according to the following:
- Identify the effect of the proposed training programme using the water medium on the body composition variable (fat weight - body mass without fat)
- To identify the effect of the proposed training programme using the water medium on the variable muscle strength of the arms, legs, abdomen and back.
- To identify the effect of the proposed training programme using the aquatic medium on the variable pulse rate.
- To identify the effect of the proposed training programme using the water medium on the variable systolic and diastolic blood pressure.
- To identify the effect of the proposed training programme using the aquatic medium on the vital capacity variable.
Research hypotheses:-
In light of the research objectives, the researcher assumes the following:
- There are statistically significant differences between the pre, follow-up and post measurements in the body composition variable (body weight - fat weight - body mass without fat) in favour of the post measurement.
- There are statistically significant differences between the pre, follow-up and post-measurements in the variable of muscular strength of the arms, legs, abdomen and back in favor of the post-measurement.
- There are statistically significant differences between the pre and post measurements in the variable of pulse rate in favour of the post measurement.
- There are statistically significant differences between the pre and post measurements in the variable systolic and diastolic blood pressure in favour of the post measurement.
- There are statistically significant differences between the pre, follow-up and post-measurements in the vital capacity variable in favour of the post-measurement.
Search procedures
Research Methodology:-
The researcher used the experimental approach using the method of measurements (pre- and follow-up and after) due to its suitability to the nature of the research objectives and hypotheses.
Research community and sample:
The research sample and community were selected from the elderly who frequent theswimming pool at the 6th of October Club in Giza, and they numbered (10) women, and their ages ranged from (55-65) years, and they had the desire to participate in the research experience.
Conditions for selecting the sample:
1. They have the desire to volunteer in conducting the experiment and provide evidence of that in writing.
2. They are not subject to any other training programme during the period of conducting the research.
3. Continuity and regularity in the proposed training programme throughout the period of conducting the experiment
4. Their ages must be between (55-65) years
Research areas:-
A- The human field:
The human field of research included elderly women in the 6th of October Club Giza and their number reached (10) women, and their ages ranged from (55-65) years
Time domain:-
The research was carried out from 6/26/2022 to 9/28/2022, for a period of (12) weeks with three training units per week
Geographical area:-The researcher chose the Sports Medical Center in Nasr City and the 6th of October Club in Giza to implement the research experiment for the following reasons:
1- The researcher worked at the 6th of October Club in Giza, in training and water rehabilitation.
2- Availability of modern research tools and measuring devices at the Sports Medical Center in Nasr City.
Data collection methods:
- Scientific references dealing with the subject of the research.
Previous and related research and studies, and the international information network.
- Data recording form for pre, follow-up and post measurements for each case.
Devices used:-
Restameter to measure the total length of the body. (18:52)
Weighing Michel medical scale. (18:71)
- Measuring the percentage of fat in the body, (Attachment 1). (47)
- Measuring the pulse at rest, (Attachment 2). (48)
Sphygmomanometer (Attachment 3). (49)
- A dry aspirometer to measure vital capacity (Attachment 4). (46)
- Isokinetic device for measuring muscle strength (34: 1083), (36: 37, 149), (38: 34, 90, 133)
Search execution steps:
- View references and scientific research related to the subject of the research.
- Analyse previous scientific studies and research and find out the deficiencies and differences when designing or applying them.
Collecting, tabulating and classifying data for statistical analysis and processing.
Basic search experience:-
The basic research experiment was applied in the period from 6/26/2022 AD to 9/28/2022 AD. The programme was divided into three phases, and the total period of the programme was (12) weeks, and the total number of sessions in the program was (36) sessions, by (3). ) sessions per week, and the time period for one session was from (60-80) minutes.
The training programme within the aquatic environment was divided into three phases, with a duration of 12 weeks:
1- The first stage:
It is a group of exercises that take place inside the aquatic medium, and its duration is (4) weeks, in each week there are (3) training units, and it includes exercises to stimulate blood circulation, breathing exercises, stretching exercises, flexibility, agility, and muscle strength.
Phase Objectives: Activate the blood circulation of the body in general - improve the process of inhalation and exhalation - improve the efficiency of the heart - improve agility - improve muscle strength.
- The criterion for moving from the first stage to the second stage: the measurements that take place at the end of the stage and compare them with the pre-measurement.
2- The second stage:-
It is a group of exercises that take place inside the aquatic medium, and its duration is (4) weeks, in each week there are (3) training units, and it includes exercises to stimulate blood circulation, breathing exercises, stretching exercises, flexibility, agility, and muscle strength.
Phase Objectives: Activate the blood circulation of the body in general - improve the process of inhalation and exhalation - improve the efficiency of the heart - improve agility - improve muscle strength.
- Criterion for moving from the second stage to the third stage: the measurements that take place at the end of the stage and compare them with the pre-measurement and the first follow-up measurement.
3- The third stage:-
It is a group of exercises that take place inside the aquatic medium, and its duration is (4) weeks, in each week there are (3) training units, and it includes exercises to stimulate blood circulation, breathing exercises, stretching exercises, flexibility, agility, and muscle strength.
Phase Objectives: Activate the blood circulation of the body in general - improve the process of inhalation and exhalation - improve the efficiency of the heart - improve agility - improve muscle strength.
Unit time within the proposed program:
Its duration ranges from (60-80) minutes, and it is divided into three parts:
Warm-up: It lasts 5-10 minutes and includes general exercises for the body as a whole.
- The main part: - Its duration is from (45-60) minutes, and it includes stage exercises.
- The concluding part: its duration is (5-10) minutes, and it includes calming exercises for the body as a whole.
Measurements:
The measurements were taken for all members of the research sample under the same conditions, taking into account the following:
Measurements should be taken for all members of the sample in a uniform manner.
Observe the measurement procedure in the same order, in a uniform sequence, and with the same devices.
The measurements were carried out on the research group according to each ceseparately, according to their attendance for the measurement as follows:
Measure length in centimeters.
Weight measurement in kilograms.
- Measurement of chronological age in years.
- Measuring muscular strength with a dynamometer
Measurement of the pulse
- Blood pressure measurement.
- Measuring the vital capacity of the lungs with the aspirometer.
Tracking measurements:-
Follow-up measurements were taken after the first and second phases, in the same order as the previous measurements, with the aim of: Following up and evaluating the progress of the program.
Dimensional measurements:-
Post-program measurements were carried out in the same order as the pre and follow-up measurements.
Statistical processors: -
- Arithmetic mean - Arithmetic median - Standard deviation - Coefficient of ske Analysis of variance - Least significant difference test (L.S.D) - Improvement percentage test.
Conclusions and recommendations
First: Conclusions:
In the light of the research objectives, the hypothesis, the research sample, the measurements and the devices used, and based on the results of the analysis and statistical treatment, the researcher concluded the following:
1. The proposed training programme inside the aquatic medium showed a significant improvement in body composition (fat weight - body mass without fat).
2. The proposed training programme inside the aquatic medium had a positive effect on the level of muscular strength of the muscles of the hands
3. The proposed training programme inside the aquatic medium had a positive effect on the level of muscle strength for the muscles of the legs
4. The proposed training program inside the aquatic medium had a positive effect on the level of muscular strength of the abdominal muscles.
5. The proposed training program inside the aquatic medium had a positive effect on the level of muscular strength of the back muscles.
6. The proposed aquatic training programme showed a significant improvement in the resting pulse rate.
7. The proposed training programme inside the aquatic medium showed a significant improvement in the average systolic blood pressure.
8. The proposed training programme inside the aquatic medium showed a significant improvement in the diastolic blood pressure rate.
9. The proposed training programme inside the aqueous medium showed a significant improvement in the vital capacity of the lungs.
Second: Recommendations:
Through the results of the study and in the light of the research objectives, the researcher recommends the following:
1. Be guided by the proposed training programme inside the aquatic environment when rehabilitating the elderly.
2. It is necessary to pay attention to training within the aquatic medium when designing training programmes for the elderly, due to the many characteristics of the aquatic medium
3. The need to pay attention to rehabilitation within the aquatic environment when designing rehabilitation programmes for the elderly as one of the means to assist in the rehabilitation process
4.Conducting more research in the field of the elderly.
5.Conducting more research in the field of aquatic media.
6. Paying attention to providing places for practicing water exercises inside the aquatic environment, such as swimming pools in youth centres and clubs throughout the year.